• 153 



Edwards quotes *' the hind wings are shorter," which would be a 

 contradiction. 



I am not able to concur with Mr. W. H. Edwards that the 

 name, asiatica Men., does not apply to the prevailing type in 

 Southern Asia; Men. specimen was only a little more exaggerated. 

 Mr. Kollar, in Huegel's Kaschmir, vol. IV, p. 406, saw some speci- 

 mens from Himalaya, " different from P. macJiaon from Vienna, 

 Austria, by darker yellow (this is true for the Koolloo specimens, 

 but those from Jalloree-pass are bright yellow, just as the Euro- 

 pean ones), a little broader marginal bands, the black nervures in 

 the yellow fields broader, more similar to the local varieties of 

 Southern Europe and Dalmatia." 



De Haan (Papil. nederl. overz. bezit. p. 42) says, "/*. macJiaon 

 is also found in Japan, without difference in colors ; but the hairs 

 on the end of the abdomen and on the inner border of the hind 

 wings are longer and cover a part of the middle cell, which is not 

 the case in the specimens from Netherlands." This is true for 

 Himalaya specimens before me, but I have some European ones 

 with equally long hairs. One male of P. luachaon from Tokio, 

 Japan, is before me. The hairs are as described by De Haan ; 

 the yellow color is as bright as in the European specimens ; the 

 blue spots in the band of the hind wings are larger and brighter. 

 The submarginal series of yellow spots along the margin of the 

 front wings is large and orbicular, the first and the last spot are 

 ovoid. The European specimens have those spots as half moons, 

 sometimes in crescent-shape. The external border of the spots 

 offers a straight but interrupted line. The Himalayan specimens 

 have these spots partly as in the European ones, partly orbicular 

 as the Japan specimen, or more or less rounded, sometimes very 

 small and largely distant. The Kamschatka specimens have the 

 spots similar to the European ones. Meigen has figured a variety 

 from Europe with all the spots connected, forminga band. There 

 is to be found in the Tijdschr. v. Ent., 1852, vol I., p. 129, a re- 

 markable paper by Mr. Ver Huell, with a colored plate of P. 

 inachaon, caterpillar, chrysalis and imago, which I find nowhere 

 used or even quoted. The late brother of Mr. Ver Huell had 

 raised (as he believed) an imago from a caterpillar before the last 

 moult, being in the third stage. The editor believes this state- 

 ment to be erroneous, " as nearly all caterpillars had changed 

 after the last moult from black to green." The editor tried to 

 repeat the observations of his brother by collecting a number of 

 not full-grown caterpillars and providing them with a satisfactory 

 quantity of food. Nevertheless some of them were black when 

 transforming into chrysalis. As he supposed, they had main- 

 tained the black color after the fourth moult. From one-third of 

 these chrysalis were raised two imagos, somewhat crippled but 

 enough developed to show the identity with the specimen raised 

 by his brother, which is figured. Besides the very small size (the 



