158 



and Switzerland belong to the intermediate form. The speci- 

 mens from the Himalaya have the band as the European ones 

 (sometimes larger, 6 to 4 mm., 4 to 3 mm.); a number belongs to 

 the intermediate form (3 to ijA mm.) and a few to the sloping 

 forms (4 to i^ mm.). The Japan specimen has the European 

 form, but the black borders of each cell are curvated instead of 

 being straight. In P. hospiton the curvation is much more exag- 

 gerated. The couple from Kamschatka have very narrow slop- 

 ing bands (3^ to i mm., 2)^ to i mm ). 



P. Zolicaon and P. oregonhis have mostly sloping bands (4 to i 

 mm., or even 6 to i mm.). But there are specimens of both 

 species of the intermediate form and even of the European form; 

 to the latter one belongs, P. aliaska (4 to 2 mm.). 



Therefore the band is generally straight in the European 

 specimens ; of the intermediate form in the Asiatic specimens, 

 sloping in the American specimens. But everywhere specimens 

 exist ranging exactly or nearly so with those of the other parts 

 of the world. Besides the breadth of the band is equally vari- 

 able in all those parts. Nevertheless the mostly sloping form of 

 the band is about the principal character for the American speci- 

 mens of P. Zolicaon and P. oregonius. 



De Haan (in Verh. over de Naturl. Gesch. von Nederl. overz. 

 Bez. Zool. Lepid. p. 42., pi. 5, f. 2) published and figured a 

 a variety of P. viachaon female of much larger size exp. 4^ inch 

 (115 mm.) ; on the primaries the basal band less sharply cut and 

 on the costal margin more nebulous, as is also the band along the 

 margin of the under wings, which passes over the tip of the cell. 

 Tails twice as long as usually ; on the underside the four spots 

 along the costal margin' nearly yellow ; on the under wings the 

 middle band darker blackish, with sky-blue spots in the middle, 

 internally cut in curves, externally ending in a yellowish color. 

 Collected at Nangasaki, Japan, by Siebold. 



Mr. Felder (in Wien. Z. B. Gesell., XIV, p. 314 and 362, No. 

 :20i) has made of this variety after two females from Japan his 

 species P. hippocrates. This description, though somewhat diffi- 

 .cult to understand, difTers not from De Haan's, but he adds that 

 the front wings are shorter, the hind wings longer, the blue moon 

 .above the red anal spot well separated from it. 



The collection of the Cambridge museum possesses- seveial 

 -males and females of this species from Kanagawa, Japan, col- 

 lected by Mr. Gulick. After a comparison of those with a female 

 from the Columbia River, Oregon, Mr. W. H. Edwards described 

 P. hippocrates var. oregonia (in Trans. Amer. Ent. S., vol. V, p. 

 208). " It bears much the same relation to P. hippocrates as P. 

 aliaska bears to P. inachaon. With some exceptions it agrees 

 well with females of P. hippocrates." Mr. W. H. Edwards (in 

 the Butterfl. of N. A., vol. II., part IX) describes the specimen 

 as P. oregonia and gives the differences from P. hippocrates. 



