I DO 



alleled series of specimens, showing EVERYWHERE INTERMEDIATE 

 FORMS, they should be considered as local or climatic varieties of 

 one and the same species of P. macJiaon. I was very near sup- 

 posing that P. zolicaon may be a spring form, as it is said 

 for P. sphyrus in Europe. But though I consider the last state- 

 ment as proved, for the American species double breeding has 

 first to be proved. It seems more probable to consider P. ore- 

 gonius as a climatic form, occurring in a region where nearly no 

 rain falls through the summer, where the heat is excessive (we 

 had only two weeks below 90'-' and more than a week above lOO*'), 

 and which is, in fact, a sage-brush desert on basaltic soil. There 

 is a gap still to be filled ; the careful and exhaustive examination 

 of the genital appendages of the male. The pattern is the same 

 in P. viadiaon and P. oregonius, but there are differences in the 

 finishing of the detail — as it is always in varieties or races. The 

 parts are very complicated and satisfactory description should be 

 given by specialists. 



Mr. Pryer, 1. c, p. 489, has now united eleven, perhaps twelve 

 species of Terias as belonging to one and the same species, and 

 remarks in conclusion, p. 491, that neither size, shape nor color 

 can be relied on as guides for specific distinction and that temper- 

 ature has a great evolutionary effect in the character of the in- 

 sects. I believe that a revision of the N. Amer. Butterflies on 

 this basis is a want. It is probable that P. brevicauda, Bairdii, 

 Iiidra, Pergamus and probably Aniericus belong all to P. asterias. 



The Ny7nphalid(S, Satyridce and LycoeiiidcB will certainly 

 not stay behind in similar reductions. 



PAPILIO RUTULUS. 



We collected at Yakima City, W. T., on milkweed, July i 

 and 2, 4 males and 4 females of P. rutuliis, and before a dead 

 chrysalis at Portland, Or., Exp. male 96-104 mm. ; fem. 104- 

 iio mm. Length of tails 10-14 mm. The form of the tails is 

 very variable. They are simply sloping from 3 mm. at the base 

 to a little more than i mm. ; or J^ mm. broad, a little larger on 

 the rounded tip, or twice as large on tip ; or broader 2^ mm., 

 and decidedly spathulated on the 4 mm. broad tip. 



I have before me in the collection of the museum 10 speci- 

 mens, 6 from California, one of them with the locality San Fran- 

 cisco, and 4 collected by Mr. Garman on the way from Gr. Salt 

 Lake, Utah, to Ft. Bridger, Wy., on an elevation to 7000 feet, 

 in July and August, male and fem. Exp. 90 to 104 mm., tail 8 

 to 12 mm. long, or sloping, or of equal breadth, rounded on tip 

 or spathulated. 



Concerning the literature about P. rutiilus^ nothing exists 

 but the original description by Boisduval and Lucas, both 1852, 



