BY A. N. LEWIS, M.C. 23 



:see covered with button-grass. Liake Webster and the 

 watery marsh half a mile' lower down the valley are all 

 that are now left of a line of at least five lakes. Each 

 lake must have been at least 30 feet low^er than its higher 

 neighbour. Perhaps they did not exist contemporaneously. 



By following the course of the Broad River, it can be 

 seen that the present floor of the valley consists of a fine 

 grained, almost greasy, clay, usually of a yellow ochre 

 •colour, but also varying from light yellow to brown. It 

 is never red, and iron deposits do not appear to exist in it. 

 Boulders measuring a few feet in diameter are common 

 throughout this clay, more particularly on the edges. In 

 some places it can be clearly seen that stones have been 

 dropped into the sediment from ice by the bending of the 

 layers of the clay immediately below them, and here and 

 there stones can be seen that are standing up on edge in 

 the clay. In some places there are thin but extensive layers 

 of gravel, suggesting a change of conditions, such as a 

 flood; in other places there are layers of water-worn flaked 

 <^obbles, suggesting a wind-swept beach. In a few spots 

 there exist considerable beds of sand and fine conglomerate, 

 which here and there has already solidified into a rock of 

 some hardness. These, however, are only occasional in the 

 lower reaches of the glacial valley, the clays predominating. 



Nearer Lake Webster, sand, gravel, and moiv typical 

 glacial till increases in proportion until the clays vanish 

 .at about the confluence of the Broad River and the out- 

 let of Lake Webster. 



The entire deposit shows the characteristic confusion of 

 a glacial deposit, except perhaps, where the stream has 

 recently accumulated piles of alluvial drift. These are few, 

 and confined to the river bed, and no notice is to be taken 

 of them when studying the glacial deposits. 



From these beds of clay rise at intervals masses of 

 niorainal debris, in some cases stretching in thin belts right 

 across the valley, and in others standing in groups pro- 

 miscuously dotted about in the button-grass flats. These 

 rise to any height up to twenty feet above the floor of the 

 valley. They consist of a brown earth and gravel freely 

 mixed with oblong slabs of diabase, and containing many 

 iDoulders of all sizes, up to 10 feet in diameter. Rain has 

 washed the lighter material off the top of these piles of 

 l)oulder clay, and the larger rocks stand out predominantly, 



