102 SKELETONS OF THE MONOTllEMES, 



Previous to studying these three skeletons of the mono- 

 tremes in the Army Medical Museum collection — or in con- 

 nection with their study — the works of Cuvier on the same 

 subject were examined (Ley ens d'Anat. Comp. 1837, II., p. 

 455), as well as the works of Mc. Eydoux and Lament, (4) 

 Geoffrey (Mem. du Museum, tom. XV., p. 32) ; De Blainville 

 on the Spur and Poison Gland (Bull. Soc. Philomatique, 

 1817) ; Blumenbach (Philos. Trans., 1800) ; Shaw (Natura- 

 lists' Miscellany, 1798, Gen. ZooL, Vol. I., 1800); Voigt; 

 Home (Philos. Trans., 1802, pp. 67, 356, 1819); Symington 

 and Johnson, who wrote on the homology of the dumb-bell 

 shaped bone in Ornithorhynchus (separate papers under the 

 same title) ; and the various writings of Carl Gegenbaur. (5) 



Of all the general manuals on the osteology of mammals, 

 perhaps no two of them are in more constant use among 

 the researchers of Great Britain, her Colonies, and the 

 United States, than the second volume of Owen's Compara- 

 tive Anatomy and Physiology of Ve7'tebrates, and the last 



(4) Voyage de la Favorite, 1839, tom. V., pi. 9, p. 161. 



(5) The following are some of the works that appeared after the third 

 edition of Flower's Osteology of the Mammalia in 18S5 ; and thi'ough 

 the kindness of Mr. Newton P. Scudder, the Librarian at the United 

 States National Museum, these have all been carefully examined. 



RUGE, GEORG, Prof. Dr. (Amsterdam)— "Das Knorpelskelet des aus- 

 "seren Ohres der Monotremen — ein Derivat des Hyoidbogens." Mit 

 6 Figuren im Text. Morph. Jahrh. Leipzig, 1898; pp. 202-223, Figs. 

 1-6. 



This memoir is very complete on the ear-bones. 



FRETS, G. P.— "Uber die Entwicklung der Wirbelsaule von Echidna 

 "hystix" (2 Teil), 14 figs. I Teil — Uber die Varietaten der Wirbel- 

 saule bei erwachsenen Echidna, 1908, pp. 608-649. This is a very 

 complete work, and on pp. 649-653 an excellent bibliography of the 

 Monotremes is presented. 



EMERY, C. — "Ueber Carpus iind Tarsus der Monotremen." (Bologna). 

 Pp. 222-223. Verhandlungen des Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturfor- 

 chen und Arte. Leipzig, 1900. 



Van BEMMELEN, J. F. (Communicated by Prof. C. K. Hoffman).— 

 "Further results of an investigation of the monotreme skull." The 

 Hague. I. Palate. Koninklijke Akad. van Wetenschaffen te Amster- 

 dam. Proc. Sect, of Sciences. Vol. III., pp. 130-133. (June, 1901.) 

 Hid. (July, 1900), pp. 81. Zool. Mr. Hubrecht presents on behalf 

 of Dr. J. F. Bemmelen "The results of comparative investigations 

 "concerning the palatine, orbital, and temporal regions of the Mono- 

 - "treme skull." (This paper preceded the one last given.) 

 Ibid. (pp. 405-407). Third note concerning detail of the Monotreme 

 skull. The Hague. Comm. by Prof. A. A. W. Hubrecht. (Ethmoid 

 and maxillo-turbinate) . On p. 133 of the June, 1901, papor, there is 

 presented a figure of "Echidna hystrix ; floor of the cerebral cavity, 

 "lei't side, inner aspect, 2/1." (This is an excellent wash drawing, 

 giving bones, sutures, etc.) On pp. 405-407 in this series, the writer 

 quotes O. Seydel and W. N. Pai'ker "On some points in the struc- 

 "ture of the young Echidna aculeata." (P.Z.S., 1894.) He also 

 quotes Symington's paper "On the nose, the organs of Jacobson, 

 "and the dumb-bell-shaped bone in the Ornithorhynchus." P.Z.S., 1891, 

 p. 575. (See also Gegenbaur, Harwood-Wiedermann and Zucker- 

 kandl.) See also Verhandlungen des V. Inter. Zool. Cong, zu Berlin, 

 vom. 12-16 Aug., 1901, pp. 596-597. (Discussion). "Ueber das 

 "Ospraemaxiilai-e der Monotremen." Von J. F. van Bemmelen. 



