12 



the nun moth has occurred there yearly, the first serious damage 

 being done in 1917, owing to the lack of Tachinid and other parasites. 

 In 1918 the outbreak was excessively severe, and there is a danger 

 of its spreading to the whole of Central Bohemia. 



Slavik (V). Die Nonne. Die praktische Noimenkontrolle im Walde 

 und wie man den Nonnenschaden vorbeugen kann. [The Nun 



Moth. Practical Nun Jloth Control in the Forest and Methods 

 for Preventing Injury.] — Allgem. Forst- u. Jagdzeitg., Vietma, 

 xxxviii, 1920, pp. 96-99, 110-111. (Abstract in Centralhl. Bakt. 

 Paras. Infekt., Jena, lite Abt., liii, no. 15-21, 10th May 1921, 

 pp. 447-448.) 



As a result of work carried out in Central Bohemia it is recommended 

 that the forests administration should not be required to collect all 

 stages of the nun moth [Liparis monacha], as only 2-3 per cent, can 

 be collected, and those are chiefly sickly larvae ; the exception to 

 this is the destruction of newly hatched larvae when still gregarious. 

 Thinning should be avoided in infested stands, and must be done 

 in winter only ; if done between August and April it is useless as a 

 remedial measure, while between April and August it favours the 

 increase of the moth. Felling should be done in good time in threatened 

 stands, especially at the centres of infestation. In all infested stands 

 trap-trunks for bark-beetles must be provided. All timber produced 

 in such stands must be entirely barked, and all defoliated stands must 

 be cut and barked. Mixed stands and stands of deciduous trees, 

 should be planted. Steps must be taken to produce a good banding 

 adhesive for isolating infested stands, but healthy trees should not 

 be banded. 



K.\DocsA (G.). Mult 1916 evitenyeszeteimbol : II. A voros fenyomoly 

 tenyesztesl es n^hany szo eletmodjarol. [My Breeding Results 

 in 1916 : II. The Breeding of Coleophora laricella, Hb., and a 

 few Notes on its Habits.] — Rovortani lapok, xxiv, 1917, pp. 89-90. 

 (Abstract in Centralhl. Bakt. Paras. Infekt., Jena, lite Abt., 

 liii, no. 4-12, 31st March 1921, p. 225.) 



An outbreak of the caterpillars of Coleophora laricella, Hb., on 

 Larix europaea is recorded at Budapest. The adult moth appears 

 in May and deposits its eggs on the needles, into which the larvae 

 bore on hatching a fortnight later. At the end of September a mine 

 about - in. long is seen near the tip of the needle. Before the date 

 at which the needle falls the larva cuts it at its base and carries 

 this case to the bud to which it attaches itself. After hibernating, 

 it feeds on the tender needles and pupates amongst them at the end 

 of April or early in May. 



Schuster (L.). Der Distelfink als Vertilger der Larchenminiermotte, 



Coleophora laricella, Hb. [The Goldfinch as a Destroyer of the 

 Larch Miner, C. laricella.'] — Allgem. Forst- u. Jagdzeitg., xcvi, 

 1920, p. 27. (Abstract in Centralhl. Bakt. Paras. Infekt., Jena,. 

 lite Abt., liii, no. 4-12, 31st March 1921, p. 225.) 



In April and May 1919 goldfinches were seen clearing the larvae 

 of Coleophora laricella, Hb., from the extreme tips of the branches 

 of larch trees. 



