16 



dry soils and in high, sunny situations. The character of the pre- 

 ceding crop is all-important, the attack being slightest after root- 

 crops, fodder or manure plants. Fallowing, especially clover fallowing, 

 favours the pest. The best preventive measures are good cultural 

 methods, manuring and repeated rolling. If the outbreak is very 

 severe, the crop must be ploughed under to a depth precluding the 

 emergence of the adults. 



The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, Say, causes damage very similar 

 to that of the frit-fly, but as it is very sensitive to unfavourable weather 

 it seldom occurs in large numbers, and rapidly disappears. The 

 stubble must be deeply ploughed under against the summer generation, 

 all straw and debris being burned. Severely attacked winter sowings 

 must be ploughed under in spring. 



Clinodiplosis equestris, Wagn., is more especially found in the 

 Cologne district. The leaf-sheaths of wheat and barley swell and 

 the growth of infested plants is retarded. The eggs are laid at the 

 end of June on the upper leaves, and the larvae give rise to the 

 swellings. At midsummer they migrate to the ground, where they 

 hibernate and pupate. There is thus only one generation a year. 

 Deep ploughing-in of the stubble, which prevents the adults from 

 reaching the surface, is the measure advised. 



Hering (M.). Zur Biologie und systematischen Stellung von Scythris 



temperaiella. Led. [On the Biology and systematic Position of 



5. temperatella.] — Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr. Iris, Dresden, xxxii, 



- 1919, pp. 122-129. (Abstract in Centralbl. Bakt. Paras. Infekt., 



Jena, lite Abt., liv, no. 11-19, 2nd September 1921, p. 349.) 



Scythris temperatella. Led., for which the author proposes the new 

 generic name Syringopais, is a grain pest in Asia Minor. The egg and 

 larva are described. The larva mines the leaves of barley, wheat, 

 and probably other grasses. The infested leaves turn a straw-yellow 

 colour. Pupation takes place on or in the ground in a firm, white 

 cocoon, garnished with pieces of earth or grains of sand. A remarkable 

 sex dimorphism is noticeable in the adults. 



Bako (G.). a kukoriczamoly {Pyrausta nuhilalis) eletmodjanak, 

 kartetel^nek es irtasanak rovid vazlata az 1916 es 1917 6vi megfig- 

 yelesek es kiserleti kotatasok alapjan. [A brief Account of the 

 Life-history, Injury and Control of P. nuhilalis, based on Observa- 

 tions and Experiments in 1916-1917.] — Rovartani lapok, xxiv, 

 1917, pp. 140-155. (Abstract in Centralbl. Bakt. Paras. Infekt., 

 Jena, lite Abt., liv, no 11-19, 2nd September 1921, p. 372.) 



This paper supplements a brief note alreadv noticed [R.A.E., 

 A, vi, 407]. 



In Hungary Pyrausta nuhilalis is on the wing in June. The eggs 

 are laid in heaps of 20-35 on the upper surface of the maize leaf. The 

 larva hibernates in the stalk from October to May. It then again 

 becomes active, and subsequently pupates in the second half of May. 

 The loss caused by this moth may amount to 70 per cent, of the crop. 

 Stalks must be cut off close to the ground, otherwise many larvae 

 may survive in the stubble. Maize straw stored until the following 

 summer must be kept in dry barns, where the larvae perish for lack 

 of moisture. Parasites of this pest that have been recently observed 

 in Hungary are a common Hymenopteron and a rare Dipteron. 



