61 



the varieties of barley in which the ear develops early being the most 

 injured; Oscinella {Oscinis) frit, which did much less damage than 

 in the preceding years, though in June its attacks in late sowii fields 

 were considerable" ; and Chlorops taeniopus, which was of small 

 importance in most localities. Minor pests of cereals were a thrips 

 [Limothnps denticornis] on rye and barley; L. (Thrips) cereaJiiim 

 on barlev; an \^\y\d,-pxohdL\Ay ^Iacrosiphllm granarium [cerealc), on 

 barley and oats ; PhyUotrcta vittiila on barley ; and Trachea ( Hadena) 

 secalis on rve. ]\Iany mines of Hydrellia griscola were met with in 

 leaves of barley and oats, and Calandra granaria and Silvanus 

 surinamensis did some damage in stored grain. 



Pests of peas included larvae of Cydia {Grapholitha) sp., Sitona 

 lineata, and thrips, especially Kakothrips pisivora {Physapiis robiistits). 

 Aphis riimicis (papaveris) was recorded on broad beans 



Pests of cabbage, rape, turnips and beet also included .4. rumicis, 

 the attacks of which were stopped at the end of June by rain and the 

 appearance of the fungus, Empiisa {Entomophthora) aphidis. Silpha 

 opaca did much damage in Jutland during the long summer drought, 

 and in many places the fields were quite destroyed by it. Pegomyia 

 hvoscyaini was very numerous in the leaves of beet. Cliadocnema 

 c'oncinna, Cassida nchulosa and Gortyna (Hydroecia) micacea were 

 minor pests of beet. Flea-beetles, • including PhyUoireia nemorum, 

 were common, especially on cabbage, but the damage done was rather 

 less than in preceding years. Ceuthorrhynchus quadridcns, mining in 

 the leaves, C. sidcicoUis, in galls on the roots, and C. coniracius, attacking 

 the lower surface of the leaves, injured cabbages, as also did Pier is 

 hrassicae and P. rapae in the autumn, though great numbers of them 

 were parasitised by Apanteles glomeraius. Spraying with salt and 

 water (a handful of salt to a pailful of water) was effective against them ; 

 a stronger solution injured the plants. A 2 per cent, nicotine sulphate 

 solution in Bordeaux mixture with 2 per cent, resin soap added was also 

 effective. Phorhia [Chortophila] hrassicae was troublesome in some 

 places, especially in gardens. Curly leaf disease, caused by the midge, 

 Contarinia nastiirtii, did much damage, especially to cauliflower. 

 Plutella maculipennis {criiciferarum), Eurydema olcraceum and Breri- 

 coryne (Aphis) hrassicae were minor pests of cabbage. ]\Iuch damage 

 was caused to seeds of cabbage, turnips, etc., by Meligeihes aeneus 

 and Ceuthorrhvnchiis assimilis, and especialh' by Pcrrisia (Cecidomyia 

 hrassicae. 



On carrots verv severe attacks by Trioza viriditla and Psila rosae 

 were reported. The latter also infested celery. Some damage was 

 done to potatoes by Calocoris norvegiciis (hipmictatus) and perhaps 

 other bugs, and by Gortyna (Hydroecia) micacea. On lucerne and 

 clover attacks were recorded from Aphids, Sitona lineata, Hypera 

 [Phytonomiis) variahilis, Apion apricans, Suhcoccinella vigintiqua- 

 tuorpunctata (Lasia globosa) and Contarinia (Diplosis) loti. Apamea 

 testacea and Cleigastra flavipes attacked timothy grass. 



Apple and pear pests included Capsids, Psylla mali, various Aphids, 

 including .l/j/n's (Dcntatiis) sorhi ^x\d A. ponii, Ccccids, Eriocanipoides 

 liniacina, Anthonomus ponwrum, Blastodacna pittripeneUa, Hypono- 

 nieiita malinellus, Enarmonia (Grapholitha) ivoeheriana, Argyroploce 

 [Olethreutes) variegana, Eucosma (0.) ocellana, Zeiizera pyrina, Mala- 

 cosoma (Gastropacha) neustria and Diloha coerideocephala. Cheimatohia 

 hrnmata and C. horeata did so much damage in Jutland that apple 

 and pear trees were completel}' defoliated. Spraying with Paris 



