65 



by the white, waxy matter excreted by the scales. The eggs are 

 found in August, and the larvae appear later in the autumn. .A. very 

 remarkable fact is that in Sweden no enemies of the beech scale seem 

 to occur, neither Coccinelhds, Syrphids nor mites having been found 

 preying on it. Another very striking feature is the apparently 

 haphazard occurrence of the scales, one beech being quite covered 

 by the waxy matter, while the neighbouring ones are practically free 

 from scales. No explanation of this is available, but Rhumbler 

 has advanced the theory that only trees suffering from attacks of 

 fungi are liable to be thus infested. Cutting down the heavily infested 

 trees is recommended, provided this is done in winter or early spring, 

 when there is no risk of the scales being spread by the wind. 



Tragardh (I.). Den storre margborrens skadegorelse och dess 

 bekampand. [Myelophilus piniperda, its Damage, and how to 

 Control it."j — Statens Skogsfdrsoksaiisfalt, Stockholm, Flygblad 

 no. 22, 192"l, 8 pp., 1 table. 



The results of these investigations have already been noticed 

 [R.A.E.;A,vn,422l 



Kemner (N. a.). Lovvedborren. \Anisandrus dispar ,¥.] — Mcddelande 

 no. 202 frdn Ccntralanstaltcn for forsoksvdscndct pd jordbruk- 

 sotni'ddef. Ent. avdeln., no. 36, 1920, 8 pp., 7 figs. 



Xylehorus {Anisandrus) dispar has been found not only in fruit 

 trees, but also in birch and alder. Severe injuries have been recorded 

 from ten of the Swedish counties, young trees having been mainly 

 attacked. As remedial measures the author suggests thorough inspec- 

 tion of all imported trees and of all trees from nurseries, cutting off 

 and burning branches attacked, and the use of traps formed of branches 

 suspended in the trees that require protection. 



SvLviiN (H.). Orsaker till flertoppighet hos tallplantor. [The Cause 

 of multiple terminal Shoots in Pine TxQes.]—Skogcn, 1920, 

 pp. 1-19, 16 figs. 



The author records the following insects as deforming the growth 

 of pine trees b}- killing the original leading shoot : — Rhyacionia 

 {Evetria) huoliana, R. (£.) resinella, R. {£.) duplana, R. {E.) turionana, 

 Myelophilus piniperda, M. minor, Lyda stellata, Hylobius abietis, 

 Pissodes notatiis, Magdalis violacea and Hylastes ater. 



Elgstrand (A.). Ett forsok med Grohraanns snytbaggefalla. [An 



Experiment with Grohmann's Trap for Pine Weevils.] — Skogen, 

 1921, pp. 225-229, 3 figs. 



The author prepared four traps according to the method proposed 

 by Grohmann (Tharandter Forstl. Jahrbuch, vol. 64, 1913) on an area 

 where the trees had been cut in 1916, in order to ascertain whether 

 any pine weevils [Hylobius abietis] still occurred there. The traps were 

 prepared in the .spnng of 1920 and examined in the beginning of June 

 1921. As a result 630 larvae of pine weevils and 1,098 larvae of 

 Hylastes ater were found. The author suggests that this trap should 

 be subjected to further trials, as it is cheap to prepare and apparently 

 effective. 



