67 



the forest. The general forms of injury due to insects, inchiding 

 both primary and secondary attacks, are discussed. Natural means 

 of control occur in the form of parasites, chiefly Hymenoptera, that 

 help to reduce the numbers of pests. The importance of preventing 

 injury by keeping the trees in good condition is emphasised. Wounds 

 should be immediately treated, and other methods are pruning, manur- 

 ing, banding and spra\ang. The substances most generally used in 

 spra\'ing and apparatus suitable for their application are described. 



Bijdrage tot de Kennis van de Lee!wijze van den Wintervlinder. [A 



Contribution to the Knowledge of the Life-history of the Winter 

 Moth.] — Tijdschr. Plantenzicktcn, Wageningen, xxviii, no. 8, 

 August 1921, p. 91. [Received 2nd December 1921.] 



Attention has been drawn to a habit of the winter moth [Clicimatobia 

 brumata] that prevents banding from being an absolute protection 

 against this pest. It sometimes happens that the female is carried 

 to the top of the tree by the male, and oviposition then takes place 

 in the crown. In spite of this, banding remains an excellent measure 

 for decreasing the amount of infestation. 



]\Iattei (G. E.). La Difesa dai Parassiti. [Defence against Plant 

 Enemies.] — AUcvamoiti, Palermo, ii, no. 11, 15th November 1921, 

 pp. 348-349. 



The cultivation and selection of those varieties of plants that are 

 resistant to insect and fungous pests is advocated in preference to 

 the quarantines and other remedial measures now employed, all of 

 which the author considers to be more or less unsatisfactory. If this 

 course had been followed in the case of the grape-vine, the present 

 position with regard to Phylloxera would be different. An editorial 

 note to this article points out that imported natural enemies some- 

 times constitute the only defence at present available. 



Heymons (R.). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis siidafrikanischer Borken- 

 kafer. [A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African 

 Bark-beetles.]— M/7/. Zool. Mns., Berlin, x, no. 1, October 1921, 

 pp. 97-114, 9 figs. [Received 3rd December 1921.] 



Bark-beetles are rare in Africa, and South- West Africa is especially 

 poor in them. Only two species are represented in the collection 

 here described, viz., Sphaerotrypes hrunneus, sp. n., which is very 

 closely allied to S. barbaius, Hag., from Sumatra and Kamerun, and 

 Dacryostaciiis kolbei, Schauf., infesting the bark and wood of a 

 Meliaceous tree. 



Agmlo y Gorsot (J.). La Lucha contra la Mosca del Olivo. El 

 Sistema Lotrionte en el Parque Sam a. [Work against the Olive 

 Fly. The Lotrionte System in the Sama Property.] — Rev. 

 Inst. Agr'tc. Catalan de S. Isidro, Barcelona, Ixx, no. 11, 

 November 1921, pp. 213-215. 



In 1921 an energetic campaign was carried out in the province of 

 Tarragona against the olive fly, Dacus oleae, the Berlese and Lotrionte 

 methods being recommended [R.A.E., A, ix, 421]. As the former 

 was likely to be preferred on account of its lower cost and greater 

 simplicity, an extensive test of the latter was made on about 2,000 

 trees, so as to obtain comparative data. The work began on 20th June. 



