94 



first invasions in the years 1890-1917 are recorded. The general 

 measures adopted were similar to those employed in previous campaigns 

 [R. A.E., A, vi, 556] ; an account is given of the materials used and 

 their distribution, and maps show the daily, weekly and monthly 

 records of swarms, the direction of their flight, and location of breeding- 

 places. 



Somewhat extensive trials with Coccohacillus acridiorum indicate 

 that when the virus has been sufficiently intensified by successive 

 passages through the abdominal cavity of the locust, Schistocerca 

 paranensis, its pathogenicity is raised to a point that is capable of 

 starting a general epizootic by means of spraying. When the spray 

 is directed to the food-plants on which the locusts are feeding, the 

 disease begins to appear in 48 hours, cannibalism among the locusts 

 and contamination with excrement being among the principal methods 

 of dissemination. As the virus easily deteriorates, it should be raised 

 to as high a strength as possible ; its virulence is variable, depending 

 upon the temperature, the age of the locust, and the freshness of the 

 culture. Further trials are, however, considered necessary, especially 

 against swarms in the open field. 



Bertrand (J.). Sur des Essais de Traitement au Pyrethre contre 

 I'Eudemis. — Le Progres Agric. & Vitic, Montpellier, Ixxvi, no. 51, 

 18th December 1921, pp. 595-598. 



A series of experiments on a large scale to test the efficacy of pyre- 

 thrum-soap solution against the vine moth [Polychrosis botrana] has 

 confirmed the results obtained by Sicard [R.A.E., A, viii, 369; ix, 

 420, 4741. The insecticide proved effective only against the larvae 

 of the first generation, and then only when good materials were used 

 and the grapes thoroughly treated. Attention is called to the obvious 

 advantage of increased production of the Languedoc pyrethrum, 

 which is of excellent quality and much cheaper when grown locally 

 than the imported kinds. As this insecticide is only effective against 

 the first generation, a mortality of 100 per cent, would be necessary 

 to obtain extermination of the moth. This, however, is too much to 

 hope for (83-3 per cent, mortality was obtained in the present tests), 

 and P. botrana will in all probability remain an important vine pest 

 /for many years. 



SiLVESTRi (F.). Notizie sulla Cicala grigiastra {Tcttigia orni, L.), 

 sulla Cicala maggiore {Cicada plebeja, Scop.), sui loro Parassiti e 

 Descrizione della loro Larva neonata e della Ninia. [Notes on 



Tettigia orni, on Cicada plebeja, and on their Parasites, with a 

 Description of their newly-hatched Larvae and of their Nymphs.] 

 — Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. R. Scuola Sup. Agric, Portici, 

 XV, 6th December 1921, pp. 191-204, 13 figs. 



Tettigia orni, L., is very common in Italy. Observations made in 

 the province of Naples show that the adults appear in early summer ; 

 oviposition begins early in July and continues until the end of August. 

 The eggs are deposited in the lower, green twigs of oak, apple, pear, 

 wild plum, olive, etc., and, less commonly, in the stems of herbaceous 

 plants, such as endive, Centaunis, and some Umbelliferae. The 

 twigs are thus deformed and easily break. In general, the injury is 

 similar to that due to Tibicen septemdecim (periodical cicada) in North 



