102 



inquilinns, Newst., on an unknown plant ; Pulvinaria hroadwayi var. 

 echinopsidis, Newst., on Cactus ; Pseudokermes marginatus, Ckll., on 

 Nectandra sp. ; Saissetia deformosa, Newst., and S. inqnilina, Newst. 



New Federal Quarantine. — Hawaiian Forester & Agriculturist, Honolulu, 

 xviii, no. 9, September 1921, p. 196. 



Quarantine No. 51 of the 22nd July 1921, promulgated by the 

 Federal Horticultural Board of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

 came into effect on the 1st October 1921. This order is designed to 

 prevent certain insect enemies of the mainland, new to or not hereto- 

 fore widely prevalent or distributed throughout Hawaii, from gaining 

 an entrance to the Islands, and under it the movement of sugar-cane, 

 maize (other than shelled maize), cotton, lucerne, and avocado and 

 papaya fruits in the natural or raw state from the United States to 

 Hawaii by passengers and crews of coastwise ships or vessels, either 

 as baggage or otherwise or as ships' stores, is prohibited. 



Brues (C. T.) & Glaser (R. W.). A Symbiotic Fungus occurring in 

 the Fat-body of Pulvinaria innumerahilis. Rath. — Biol. Bull., 

 Wood's Hole, Mass., xl, no. 6, June 1921, pp. 299-324, 3 plates, 

 2 figs. [Received 29th December 1921 .] 



After a review of the literature on symbionts closely related to Coccids, 

 the characteristics, morphology, etc., of yeast-like cells cultivated 

 in artificial media from Pulvinaria innumerabilis are discussed. The 

 conclusion is reached that it seems impossible to regard the universally 

 present symbionts as harmful parasites. It is possible they may 

 represent innocuous or indifferent parasites, and it is not easy to 

 distinguish between these and true symbiotic or benign organisms in 

 respect of their effect on the Coccids. It seems necessary to regard all 

 three as steps in an evolutionary process, as harmful parasites in their 

 first association, later as innocuous ones and finally as true symbionts. 

 These will follow one another as the host adapts itself to withstand 

 or nullify any ill effects of the parasite, until it is finally able to utilise 

 the products of the symbionts to further its own metabolic processes. 



Haseman (L.), Sullivan (K. C.) & McLane (S. R.). [Entomological 

 Investigations, 1919-20.] — Missouri Agric. Expt. Sta., Columbia, 

 Bull. 179, January 1921, pp. 26-30. [Received 29th December 

 1921.] 



The various investigations undertaken during the year in connection 

 with insect pests are briefly outHned in the section of this bulletin 

 dealing with the activities of the Entomological Department. It is 

 evident that different strains of wheat vary greatly as regards suscepti- 

 bility to attack by the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor'], though the 

 cause of this has not yet been ascertained. The results of observations 

 on the control of the codling moth [Cydia pomonella] are similar to 

 those of the previous year [R.A.E., A, ix, 239]. 



Miscellaneous insects dealt with during the year were : San Jose 

 scale [Aspidiotus perniciosus], woolly aphis [Eriosoma lanigerum], 

 apple leaf-hopper [Empoasca niali], peach tree borer [Aegeria exitiosa], 

 strawberry leaf-roller [Ancylis comptana], tarnished plant bug [Lygus 

 pratensis], grape leaf -folder [Desmia fmieralis] and fall webworm 

 [Hyphantria cunea]. 



