137 



The larvae of this brood pupate from the middle of June to the middle 

 ■of July, spending from six days to several weeks in the cocoon. The 

 first moths emerged on the 25th June and continued until the beginning 

 of September. The broods begin to overlap, as the adults of the spring 

 brood are still active. The adult life varies from 5 to 18 days. The 

 first eggs of the second brood were observed on the 2nd July, the 

 majority being laid during the first week in August. The larvae 

 appear from early in July until about the second week in August ; 

 many of them pass the winter in this stage and only complete their 

 development the following year. Some of them, however, pupate, 

 the adults appearing from the last week in August until October. 

 The eggs and larvae of this partial brood appear in September and 

 October, and the larvae may enter the nuts as late as the second week 

 in October. Larvae in various stages of development may be found 

 in the harvested nuts. 



De Ong (E. R.). Cold Storage Control of Insects. — //. Econ. Ent., 

 Geneva, N. Y., xiv, no. 5, October 1921, pp. 444-447. [Received 

 13th Janiiary 1922.] 



The results of the experiments here described show that dried fruit 

 stored at any temperature from 10° to 36° F. will be free from all injury 

 b}^ insects during the time of storage and, when removed at the end 

 of the third or fourth month, all stages (with the exception perhaps of the 

 egg) of Plodia inter piinctcUa, Hb. (Indian meal moth), Carpophilus 

 kemipteriis, L. (dried fruit beetle), Silvanns surinamensis, L. (saw-toothed 

 grain beetle), Tenebroides maiiritaniciis , L. (cadelle) and Carpoglyphus 

 passularum, Hering (dried fruit mite), will be dead. The action 

 of bacteria and fungi are also apparently suspended during storage 

 at these temperatures. The mortality at temperatures of 45°-50° F. 

 is very low. The cost of protection during the storage period is 

 estimated at from 2-3 to 3-5 per cent, of the crop value as against 

 from 6 to 18 per cent, during the growing season. 



Jaemcke (A. J.). Forest Insect Problems of the Pacific Slope. — 



//. Econ. Ent., Geneva, N. Y., xiv, no. 5, October 1921, pp. 447- 

 450. [Received 13th January 1922.] 



Dendroctoniis brevicomis, Lee. (western pine beetle) and D monticolae, 

 Hopk. (mountain pine beetle) are the chief species damaging pine trees 

 in the Pacific slope. D. brevicomis only attacks western yellow pine 

 {Pinus ponderosa), whilst D. monticolae also kills sugar pine {P. lam- 

 bertiana), western white pine {P. monticola) and lodge-pole pine 

 [P. contorta). 



The damage caused by these beetles is briefly discussed, and the 

 present control work is reviewed. In a privately owned area in 

 Southern Oregon, covering about 600,000 acres and valued at at 

 least six million pounds, the loss due to D. brevicomis during the past 

 ten 5'ears amounts to £600,000. This timber is surrounded by Federally 

 owned forests, which are infested to the same degree. Control 

 measures, to be effective, must therefore provide for the destruction of 

 the beetle on private and government lands simultaneously. An emer- 

 gency bill has recently been introduced in both Houses of Congress 

 providing for the appropriation of over £30,000 for the extermination 

 of these beetles on the Federal lands, and it is probable that within 

 the next few years more money will be required to enable those 



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