^ 



162 



sprays and better than sulphur dust. Alkahne diluents in sulphur 

 dust definitely reduce the fungicidal value. Dolomite or magnesium 

 lime proved safer with copper in copper arsenite dust and liquid 

 Bordeaux and safer with all arsenates than did high calcium lime. High 

 calcium is safer with arsenites. The new white arsenic formula for 

 making poisoned Bordeaux proved very satisfactory. The formula 

 is given and has already been noticed \R. A.E., A, viii, 150 ; ix, 358]. 

 Dusting gives the best results when the trees are dam.p and the air still. 



DusTAN (A. G.). Entomogenous Fungi. — Proc. Ent. Soc. Nova Scotia, 

 1920, Truro, no. 6, March 1921, pp. 36-45. [Received 23rd 

 January 1922.] 



Entomogenous fungi have played an important role in controlling 

 insect pests, and in Florida they are now the chief factor in the control 

 of whiteflies and scale-insects. Both larvae and pupae are liable to 

 infection by these diseases, and in certain cases adults also. 



The early work with fungi is reviewed, and the systematic position, 

 life-history of typical species and the methods of spreading them are 

 discussed. A fungous disease must lend itself readily to artificial spread 

 if it is to be of use against insect outbreaks. The best known method of 

 doing this is to suspend the spores in water and then to spray the 

 insects or their food- plant. Care should be taken to apply the spray 

 when the relative humidity is high. Some fungi can be spread by 

 scattering infested insects amongst healthy ones. Another method 

 is to pin or fasten leaves, or other parts of a tree on which diseased 

 insects have fed, to a tree bearing a supply of the insects it is desired 

 to inoculate. In Florida infected trees have sometimes been trans- 

 planted to act as distributing centres The inoculation of insects 

 by way of the alimentary canal has not proved satisfactory in large 

 field tests. Experiments are being undertaken to spread the spores 

 of a fungus found hving on the green apple bug [Lygiis communis var. 

 navascotiensis]. 



GoRHAM (R. P.). Some Notes on Apanteles hvphantria, Riley. — Proc. 

 Ent. Soc. Nova Scotia, 1920, Truro, no. 6,^ March 1921, pp. 46-50. 

 [Received 23rd January 1922.] 



Observations are recorded on the spinning of the cocoon by larvae 

 of Apanteles hyphantna, Riley, bred from webs of Hvphantria cunea, 

 Drury. The larvae were first found beginning to emerge from the 

 host in August, and the adults emerged from the cocoons in seven 

 days. The host larv^a may live at least twelve days after the emergence 

 of the parasite. Nine days after the emergence of the parasite the 

 larvae show signs of uneasiness when the parasite approaches. After 

 emerging, females were observed darting at the living host larvae 

 from which they had emerged as though about to deposit eggs 

 on them. 



ToTHiLL (J. D.). Results of the Spruce Budworm Survey in New 

 Brunswick. — Proc. Ent. Soc. Nova Scotia, 1920, Truro, no. 6, 

 March 1921, pp. 51-53. [Received 23rd January 1922.] 



The results of the survey to investigate the injury caused by spruce 

 budworm [Tortrix fumiferana] in New Brunswick have not been 

 fully compiled. The injured area was confined to the central part 

 of New Brunswick, balsam fir being the chief tree attacked ; 90 per 

 cent, of the spruce attacked are now recovering. 



