211 



belated oviposition and consequent late hatching of the first eggs 

 of the season, and the food-supply of the insect, which was particularly 

 abundant during the spring of that year owing to the condition of 

 the soil. 



Haktzell (F. Z.). Pear Psylla Investigations during 1920.— P^-oc. 



66th [3rd] Ann. Meeting N. Y. State Hortic. Soc, Rochester, N. Y.. 

 1921, pp. 50-57. [Received 23rd February 1922.] 



During the severe infestation in 1920 by the pear psylla [Psylla 

 pyricola, Forst.] in Western New York, 4 • 36 per cent, of the total number 

 of eggs were laid after it was too late for the spray to be effective: Sprays 

 were applied on 3rd June, against the njnnphs, containing 2 U.S. gals, 

 hme-sulphur, 40 lb. hydrated lime, 1 U.S. pt. Black-leaf 40, and 

 100 U.S. gals, water. By means of this spray, 97-9 per cent, of the 

 nymphs were killed. Where 60 lb. of kaolin was substituted for lime, 

 the foliage was considerably injured. Bordeaux mixture (4-40-100) 

 and nicotine, even when used with an excess of lime, caused serious 

 russeting of the fruit. The sprays were applied at a pressure of 200 lb. 

 Dusts composed chiefly of sulphur and containing 3 per cent, nicotme 

 killed only 61-7 per cent, of the nymphs. Before better results are 

 obtained with dusts, the machinery will have to be improved, and 

 a dust used that is capable of reaching the nymphs that are enveloped 

 in globules of honey dew. 



In the discussion "following this paper it was suggested by Mr. Strick- 

 land that future remedial measures be directed chiefly against the 

 nymphs, and the following recommendations are made. 



The first spray, consisting of lime-sulphur 1-8, with nicotine if scale 

 is present, or lime-sulphur 1-40 and 40 per cent, nicotine 1 pt. per 100 

 gals., should be applied as soon as the adults have left their hibematmg 

 quarters, and, if possible, before oviposition has occurred. The second 

 application, consisting of lime-sulphur 1-50, lead arsenate (paste) 

 2| lb. per 50 U.S. gals., hydrated lime 10 lb. per 100 U.S. gals., should 

 be applied to all varieties except Kieffer just before the blossom period 

 so as to prevent scab and to kill leaf-rollers and fruit-worms. The 

 third sprav is applied after the petals drop and immediately after the 

 eggs have" hatched ; it is the same as the second spray, with the 

 addition of 1 pt. 40 per cent, nicotine per 100 gals., and with the 

 hydrated hme increased to 40-50 lb. per 100 U.S. gals. All sprays 

 should be directed upwards. The last spray may be repeated without 

 the arsenate about the 1st July, to kill any second brood nymphs. 

 The success of the sprays depends greatly on pruning ; the branches 

 of the trees should be properly spaced and the high tops removed. 



Felt (E. P.). European Corn Borer Situation.— P^-oc. 66th [3rd] Ann. 

 Meeting N. Y. State Hortic. Soc, Rochester, N.Y., 1921, p. 68. 

 [Received 23rd February 1922.] 



Field work in connection with the European corn borer, Pyrausta 

 nuhilalis, Hb., shows that an intimate relation exists between neigh- 

 bouring sources of infestation ; also that early maize is more subject 

 to attack than that planted later. In view of the serious development 

 of injury in Ontario, where the conditions are almost identical with 

 those of the infested area of New York, a similar rapid spread may 

 occur at any time in the latter State, and should be carefully guarded 

 against. Growers in infested areas are urged to adopt all reasonable 

 precautions to remove or destroy all infested maize stalks or to hcisten 



