220 



more, usually on the bark of the stem or on the lower surface of the 

 leaves. The incubation period probably lasts from a week to ten 

 days in summer. The larval stage, in two cases under observation, 

 occupied about 24 days, the larvae passing through six moults and 

 feeding at night, and hiding in crevices in the soil or bark during the 

 day, or occasionally on the lower surface of the leaves. The pupal 

 stage in the above two cases occupied 8 to 11 days ; the entire life- 

 cycle is therefore probably about 1| months. There are probably 

 three generations from April to September. It most probably hiber- 

 nates as a larva in crevices of the soil or bark, but may pass the winter 

 in the egg stage. Pupation occurs in a loose silken cocoon in cracks 

 in the soil or mud walls. It is thought that banding the stems with 

 tanglefoot might prove effective and economical in large gardens. 



The Sphingid, Theretra alecto, L., is found on grape-vines in both 

 spring and autumn, but not usually in large numbers. 



Dalmasso (G.) . La Lotta contro le Tignuole dell' Uva. [Work against 

 the Vine-moths.] — Casale Monferrato, Tipografia Giuseppe La- 

 vagno, 1922, 86 pp., 19 figs., 4 plates. 



This booklet embodies the author's report to the National Congress 

 of Vine Growers, held at Brescia in September 1921. The vine- 

 moths concerned are Clysia {Conchylis) ambiguella, Hb., and Poly- 

 chrosis (Eudemis) botrana, Schiff. The information regarding these 

 pests, their life-history, and the measures that have been employed 

 against them during the past ten years in Italy and elsewhere, are 

 summarised. 



The biological method of control is the subject of a special chapter. 



The following conclusions are reached as regards practical work in 

 Italy. Indicators, consisting of plates containing diluted molasses, 

 should be placed in various parts of the vineyard in May, about four 

 to an acre. About 8-10 days after the maximum number of moths has 

 been noticed, a first spraying is required with Bordeaux mixture 

 containing 1 per cent, of lead arsenate or 3 per cent, of a tobacco 

 extract with a 5 per cent, content of nicotine. About 10 days later 

 a second treatment, similar to the first, must be made. In July the 

 indicators must be again brought into use, and 5-6 days after the 

 maximum count, spraying must be done with the nicotine spray 

 given above, and repeated 10 days later. In the first week in August 

 the damaged grapes must be removed from the bunches, and in 

 September rags or other shelter-traps must be fastened to the stocks. 

 These must be collected either in April after the parasites have emerged 

 or they may be collected earlier and stored in boxes with a gauze cover 

 of 2 mm. mesh. 



Feytaud (J.). La Pratique des Traitements mixtes sur le Pommier 

 etlePoirier. — Rev. Zool. Agric. & App., Bordeaux, xx, nos. 9-10 

 and 11-12, September-October and November-December 1921, 

 pp. 97-105 and 113-122. 



The composition and practical value of certain combined sprays for 

 apple and pear trees in France are discussed, and the results of many 

 experiments are recorded. Tests have proved that arsenical treat- 

 ments are very efficacious against Cydia (Carpocapsa) pomonella, and 

 also against leaf-eating caterpillars. A further advantage is gained 

 by substituting for the simple lead arsenate spray a mixture that 



