247 



Beckwith (C. S.). Cranberry Investigations. — Kept. Neiv Jersey 

 Agric. Expt. Sta., 1919-20, Neio Brunswick, N. J., 1921, pp. 

 49^-505, 7 tables, 1 fig. [Received 9th March 1922.] 



A number of causes led to a serious outbreak of cranberry blossom- 

 worm [Epiglaeaapiata]. The reflooding used in controlling fire- worms 

 [Rhopobota vacciniana and Peronea minitfa] is now done every third 

 year instead of every year, with the result that E. apiata has increased 

 and become a pest of first importance during the third year. The 

 presence of the larvae was determined about the time the earliest 

 buds began to show colour, and reflooding was immediately adopted. 

 A complete flooding for 24 hours will control this pest. 



The cranberry girdler [Cyamhis horhtellus] attacks the higher 

 and well-drained portions of the bogs, and so is out of reach of ordinary 

 flooding operations. Experiments against it with sodium cyanide 

 were inconclusive. 



Felt (E. P.). 34th Report of the State Entomologist on Injurious 

 and Other Insects of the State of New York, 1918. — Neic York 

 State Mils. Bull.. Albany. N. Y.. nos. 231-232, March-April 1920, 

 288 pp., 56 figs., 20 plates. [Received 9th March 1922.] 



Observations on the relation between high evening temperatures 

 and oviposition, and the spraying experiments undertaken against 

 Cydia pornonella, L. (codling moth), are described, and the history 

 and bionomics of and remedial measures against Pyrausta nubilalis, 

 Hb. (European corn-borer) are recorded. 



During 1917 and 1918 Sitodiplosis [Thecodiplosis) moscllana, 

 Gehin, was unusually abundant. It has been previously assumed 

 that the midge destructive in New York was identical with the species 

 responsible for general and extended damage in earlier years in certain 

 European countries, particularly England and France, but it has 

 now been proved that the European species is Contarinia tritici, Kirby, 

 and the American species S. mosellana. In rye fields this insect 

 causes white heads, and a yellowish cast showing through the bracts 

 covering the green indicates the probable presence of the larvae. In 

 wheat fields infestation rfiay be found by rubbing heads in the hand, 

 and if the insect is present, the larvae will drop out of the bracts. 

 A full description is given of both sexes. The early American history 

 and the observations of previous authors on the life-history of this 

 pest are recorded. The larvae hibernate in the soil or in chaff, pupating 

 in the spring, and the adults emerge in early June, particularly during 

 a hot and sultry period. The larvae mature before the wheat hardens ; 

 they then drop to the ground during a rain or heavy dew and penetrate 

 about one inch below the surface. Figures are given showing the 

 liability of different varieties to injury by this pest. There was a 

 very general, and in some cases excessive, infestation of rye. A 

 survey emphasised the fact that the more vigorous fields of wheat 

 were as a rule less affected. Unusually cool, moist weather keeps the 

 grain in a more succulent, and therefore presumably a more favourable, 

 condition for the growth of the larvae and activities of the adults, 

 and dry, warm weather restricts the time when the females can deposit 

 eggs. 



The prolonged period during which this insect is in flight and 

 its general distribution throughout grain-producing areas render it 

 improbable that practical modifications in time of sowing, in rotation 



