257 



sulphur are raised to boiling point (448° C.) in an iron container, 

 and 400 gm. [about 13 oz.] of water are boiled in a copper boiler, 

 a spirit lamp being used to heat both. The steam is led under pressure 

 into the boiling sulphur and blows the latter into an extraordinarily 

 fine mist. On reaching the open air the sudden cooling makes the 

 droplets of sulphur remain fiuid for several hours, so that they retain 

 an unusual adhesiveness. The method is simple and harmless, but 

 can only be employed in the open air on a calm day, as the slightest 

 wind disperses the cloud. 



WiLKE (S). Ein fiir Deutschland neuer Rtibenschadling : Die 

 Runkelrubenmotte, Phthorimaea [Lita] ocellata, Boyd (Microlepid). 

 [A Beet Pest new to Germany, Phthorimaea oceUatella.] — Nach- 

 richtenblatt Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Berlin, i, no. 5, 1st 

 November 1921, pp. 33-34. [Received 13th March 1922.] 



The infestation of beet fields by the beet moth, Phthorimaea 

 oceUatella, Boyd, is reported from Hessen, this being apparently the 

 first record of injury in Germany by this Gelechiid, which is a well- 

 known pest in France and other European countries. Information 

 on the measures against it and its natural enemies is quoted from other 

 sources [R.A.E., A, ii, 450; vii, 193]. Beta maritima is the wild 

 food-plant of the larvae, which are pests of both sugar and fodder beet. 



Appel (— ) & Schwartz (— ). Die Bedeutung des Vogelschutzes fiir 

 den Pflanzenschutz. [The Importance of Bird Protection for 

 Plant Protection.] — NachrichtenUatt Deutschen Pflanzenschutz- 

 dienst, Berlin, i, no. 6, 1st December 1921, pp. 49-50, 2 figs. 

 [Received 13th March 1922.] 



As an illustration of the value of bird protection, a case is recorded 

 of two forests in the Langensalza district separated by a road. In one 

 of these complete defoliation by Dasychira piidibimda occurred in 1921, 

 while the other, in which bird protection had long been a marked 

 feature, remained untouched. In May 1921 a swarm of moths migrated 

 from the infested forest into the neighbouring one, and flocks of 

 birds were seen in the latter busily engaged in devouring the intruders. 



Knoche (E.) . Die Nonnenkalamitat im Zittauer Stadtwald. [The Nun 

 Moth Outbreak in the Zittau Corporation Forest.] — Nachrichten- 

 Uatt Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Berlin, ii, no. 1, 1st January 

 1922, pp. 2-4. [Received 13th March 1922.] 



An unexpected outbreak of the nun moth [Liparis monacha] 

 occurred in 1920, a large portion of the swarms having come probably 

 from Bohemia. About six million pupae and females were collected. 

 Parasitic enemies included a species of Microgaster, which killed the 

 larvae before the second moult. A few Tachinids were found in May ; 

 their numbers increased by June in low-lying places, where they 

 attacked up to 16 per cent, of the larvae. Trogus flavatorius, though 

 less abundant than the Tachinids, appeared in considerable numbers, 

 and sometimes predominated at 1,200-1,500 ft. Predacious enemies 

 were less noticeable than parasites. A hyperparasite infesting the 

 Tachinids was occasionally seen. 



