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Pests of cereals reported from various districts include Pyrausia 

 nubilalis, Hb., which attacks maize, hemp, millet, hops and Artemisia. 

 Grain crops have suffered largely from the attacks of cutworms. 

 Other cereal pests were Sitotroga cerealella ; Elaterid larvae infesting 

 wheat and oats ; Lema melanopa, which is spreading over new areas ; 

 the Cecidomyiids, Mayetiola destructor (Hessian fly) and Contarinia 

 [Diplosis) tritici ; and the Aphids, Eriosoma (Schizoneura) venustum, 

 Tetraneura ulmi, the sexual form of which lives on elm, For da 

 trivialis and F. marginata, which apparently winter on the roots of 

 wild Gramineae, and Paracletus cimiciformis. 



Forage and pasture crops suffered from Colaspidema atrum, Hypera 

 (Phytonomus) variabilis and Lycaena icarus, which especially attack 

 lucerne, while the mountain pastures of the central plateau have been 

 badly infested with Psyche atra. Beets and potatoes were damaged 

 by Silpha opaca, Agrotis, Aphis rumicis, Melolontha melolontha, 

 (vulgaris), Bothynoderes (Cleonus) punctiventris and Conorrhynchus 

 (C.) mendicus. 



Vegetables suffered less than in previous years from Pieris, 

 natural enemies, Apanteles glomeratus, Pteromalus larvarum and 

 Voria sp., having served to keep these butterflies in check. Barathra 

 {Mamestra) brassicae was very abundant in 1919, but much less so 

 in 1920, apparently owing largely to a Trichogrammid parasite. 

 Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa iijulgaris), Elaterid larvae (particularly those of 

 Corymbites lotus), Meligethes aeneus, Cassidaviridis, Baris cuprirostris, 

 and, to a less extent, B. chlorizans, a root Aphid of the genus Trama, 

 Platyparaea poeciloptera (asparagus fly), Agromyza abiens (artichoke 

 fly), Depressaria subpropinquella , which is increasing on artichokes, 

 and larvae of Athalia colibri {spinarum) on turnips and cabbages, 

 have all been recorded as injurious in various localities. 



Fruit-tree pests include Cheimatobia brumata and Hibernia defoliaria 

 on stone fruits ; Hyponomeuta malinellus on apples and H. padellus 

 on plums ; Cydia [Carpocapsa) pomonella ; Nygmia phaeorrhoea, 

 which was a very serious pest of fruit-trees as well as forest trees ; 

 Malacosoma neustria ; Aporia crataegi, especially abundant on yormg 

 nursery trees ; the larva of Eupithecia rectangulata, which destroys 

 apple blossoms ; larvae of the Noctuid, Episema (Diloba) caeruleoce- 

 phala, and of the Zygaenid, Aglaope infausta, which were very injurious 

 to almond trees ; Scolytus rugulosus on apricots ; Anthonomus 

 pomorum, which caused heavy losses to the apple crop in some districts ; 

 the bud weevils, Rhynchites conicus, Phyllobius pyri, P. oblongus and 

 P. argenteus ; Rhynchites cupreus on cherries ; R. bacchus on apples ; 

 larvae of the sawflies, Hoplocampa brevis and H. iestudinea (?), on 

 pears and apples ; H. fulvicornis on plums ; Eriocampoides limacina, 

 very abundant on pears and cherries ; Neurotoma [Lyda) nemoralis, 

 causing defoliation of peach trees ; and A^. fiaviventris on pears. 

 Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit-fly) has evidently become 

 established in France, where it infests peach and apricot trees, but it 

 is thought that the climate is too rigorous for it ever to become a very 

 important pest. Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphis) was very 

 abundant in the spring of 1920 in many districts, but finally almost 

 disappeared owing to the activities of its enemies. Further intro- 

 ductions of Aphelinus mali as a means of controlling this pest are to be 

 made. 



The two chief vine pests, Clysia arnbiguella and Polychrosis botrana, 

 and the methods adopted for their suppression have been noticed in 

 various earlier papers. Severe local attacks of the Pyralid, Sparganothis 



