267 



(Oenophthira) pilleriana, are recorded, and the efficacy of hot-water 

 treatment when thoroughly carried out is discussed [R.A.E., A, vhi, 

 39]. Other vine pests recorded are the Sphingid, Deilephila livornica ; 

 larvae of Agrotis and other cutworms ; By discus hetulae {Rhynchites 

 betuleti) (vine leaf-roller) ; Tanymecus palliatus ; Opatrum sahulosum ; 

 and Helops sp. on grafted vines in sandy soils. The question of 

 Phylloxera infestation, which was serious in 1919 and 1920, and the 

 influence of grafted foreign stocks are briefly discussed. 



Forest trees suffered chiefly from attacks of Porthetria {Lymantria) 

 dispar, while GaleruceUa luteola and Agelastica alni were more numerous 

 than usual, and Lophyrus spp. damaged pine trees in one district. 



Olives were attacked by Daciis oleae (olive fly), Prays oleellus, 

 Phloeothrips oleae and the black scale, Saissetia {Lecanium) oleae. 

 Citrus spp. were infested by Chrysomphalus dictyospermi pinnulifera 

 (minor) and Pseudococcus citri, against which colonies of the Australian 

 Coccinellid, Cryptolaemus montronzieri have been introduced. Diaspis 

 pentagona only occurs locally. Ceroplastes sinensis was numerous on 

 Citrus spp. in 1919 and proved very difficult to deal with ; C. rusci 

 caused much damage to ligs, the leaves of which were attacked by the 

 larvae of Hemerophila [Simaethis) nemorana. The presence of 

 Iridomyrntex humilis (Argentine ant) indicates possible trouble 

 in the future from increasing numbers of Icerya purchasi. 



Ornamental plants were attacked by Perrisia affinis, Kieff. (the 

 Cecidomyiid infesting the violet), Stephanitis rhododendri, Horv., which 

 can be successfully treated by nicotine sprays soon after hatching of 

 the eggs, which are located in the veins of the leaves, and Otiorrhynchus 

 meridionalis , foimd particularly on Hedera grandifolia. 



Paillot (A.). Les Traitements simultan^s contre les Maladies Crypto- 

 gamiques et les Inseetes Parasites des Arbres Fruitiers par les 

 Bouillies mixtes. — Ann. Epiphyties, Paris, vii (1919 & 1920), 

 1921, pp. 169-194, 2 plates. [Received 15th March 1922.] 



As a result of a number of tests made with various formulae for 

 the purpose of determining the relative efficacy of copper sprays 

 compared with arsenical lime-sulphur mixtures, the conclusion is 

 reached that the latter are decidedly cheaper. Unfortunately the 

 growers have used the copper mixtures as fungicides for so many 

 years that they cannot be induced readily to adopt new formulae, 

 and constant demonstration of their value is necessary. It is hoped 

 that the manufacture of polysulphides may be taken up in France on a 

 scale that will enable them to compete with foreign brands. The 

 mixtures that are recommended for preference are very similar to those 

 advocated by Feytaud [R. A.E., A, x, 220]. The Bordeaux and lead 

 arsenate mixture must not, however, be used during the blossoming 

 period, but must then be replaced either by a lead arsenate spray 

 without copper or by a mixture of liver of sulphur and calcium 

 arsenate prepared by mixing 3 lb. liver of sulphur, 3 lb. dry calcium 

 arsenate and 30 lb. powdered hydrated fat lime with 100 gals, 

 of water. 



Three treatments are recommended for apple and pear trees against 

 the spring pests. These should be given firstly before blossoming, 

 but when the buds have begun to burst ; secondly, after blossoming, 

 when the petals begin to fall; and, thirdly, a fortnight later, when 

 the fruit is all well formed. The last two treatments, which are largely 

 against Cydia pomonella, should always be given at the exact time 



(6239) s 2 



