285 



which is a httle more than half that recorded in the greenhouse in 

 December, though the mean temperature in the latter was two degrees 

 higher and approximately the same as that in April under glass with 

 a mean temperature of 67°. Artificial heat is apparently less stimulating 

 than that of the sun. The scale stages were found to vary in the green- 

 house from 45 da\-s in February to 17 days in July, and bore a close 

 relation to the temperature. 



The only satisfactory method of treating infested plants is by 

 fumigation, various experiments on which are described. Naphthaline 

 and tobacco preparations did not prove very effective, and tetrachlore- 

 thane is too costly for trade growers. Sodium cyanide at the rate 

 of I to j\-, oz. per 1,000 cu. ft. of greenhouse space proved the 

 most effective method. Long fumigations with small doses are more 

 effective than short ones with larger doses. The precautions necessary 

 to avoid damage to plants are described. Greenhouses and cold frames 

 should be freed from the pest during the winter b\- fumigation. 



During these observations A. sonchi, Kotinsky, was also recorded 

 in greenhouses. 



Jackson (D. J.). Further Observations on Sitones lineatus, L.— 

 Ann. App. BwL, Camhyidge, ix, no. 1, April 1922, pp. 69-71, 

 2 figs. 



Owing to the drought during the summer of 1921 the second growth 

 of clover in hay fields was very backward, and the leaves were seriously 

 attacked by adults of Sitona (Sitones) lineata, L. S. piincficollis, 

 Steph., S. favesccns, Marsh., 5. sukifrons, Thunb., and S. hispidida, F., 

 were also present, but to a less extent. These weevils live on clover 

 throughout the year and breed at its roots. 5. lineata abounds on peas, 

 beans and tares, and was also found on lucerne, as were S. hispidida 

 and 5. crinita, Hrbst. 



Fevt.^ud (J.). Les Vers du Raisin. — Rev. Zool. Agric. & App., 

 Bordeaux, xxi, no. 1, January 1922, pp. 6-14, 4 figs. 



A brief account is given of the more important pests of grapes, 

 including the Pyralid. CryptohJabes gnidiella, Mill., occurring in North 

 Africa, Italy, Spain and "the Maritime Alps ; Drosophila melanogaster , 

 Meig., occurring in Europe, America, Africa and Oceania ; D. funehris, 

 F., particularly injurious in the Bordeaux region in France ; the 

 Eurytomid, Euo.xysoma vitis, Saunders, recorded from the United 

 States, but not yet from Europe ; the Curculionid, Craponius inaequalis, 

 Say, occurring in the United States ; Clysia ambigitella, Hb., and 

 Polychrosis hotrana, Schiff., which are essentially European species 

 and particularly injurious in France; and P. viieana, Clem., occurring 

 in America. 



Miles (H. W.). The Turnip Gall Weevil. — Garden, London, Ixxxvi, 

 no. 2625, 11th March 1922, p. 123, 4 figs. 



Ceuthorrhynchus sulcicoUis, Gyll., is most injurious to turnips and 

 swedes in England, but also attacks rape, various forms of cabbage, 

 mustard, and some Cruciferous weeds such as charlock. It occurs all 

 over the country. The larvae may he found all through the winter 

 until about February, when they leave the galls and enter the soil for 

 pupation. The adults appear in the spring, and the eggs are laid in 

 small holes bored into the tissue of the stem below the surface of the 



