350 



very serious pests ; these are Epilachna horealis, F. (squash lady- 

 beetle), which has not yet been recorded as of economic importance 

 in Florida, although it occurs there, and E. corrupta, Muls. (Mexican 

 bean beetle), which has been dealt with at length in an earlier paper 

 {R.A.E., A, X, 121]. The latter has not yet reached Florida, but it 

 occurs as near as Thomasville, Georgia ; and as it is a strong flier and 

 can travel long distances, quarantine measures are useless, and it is 

 almost certain to appear in northern Florida within a short time. 



O' Byrne (F, M.). Bordeaux-Oil Emulsion. Its Preparation and Use. 



— Qtrly. Bull. State Plant Bd. Florida, Gainesville, vi, no. 2, 

 January 1922, pp. 46-58. [Received 2nd May 1922.] 



Bordeaux mixture was largely used in Florida in the early days of 

 citrus culture for the control of fungous diseases. It was found, 

 however, that it also killed the beneficial fungi that largely kept the 

 Coccids in check, and that its use was invariably followed by a bad 

 infestation of Coccids. For a long time the problem of a combined 

 fungicide and insecticide, which would kill the injurious fungi and 

 scale-insects at the same time, remained unsolved, but a combination 

 of Bordeaux mixture and oil emulsion has now been evolved that 

 has given very good results. The preparation of a similar mixture 

 has previously been described [R.A.E., A, viii, 401]. This is generally 

 used in the spring months for the control of scab and melanose ; the 

 number of scales may increase slightly after its use, and in that case 

 it is advantageous to spray once about the last week in June with a 

 good insecticide. This method is also successful against Aleurodids. 

 The Coccids must be dealt with while they are young, otherwise they 

 are difficult to kill. The Bordeaux-oil emulsion does not separate 

 readily, does not corrode the sprayer and is less injurious to foliage 

 than plain Bordeaux. The comparative cost of home-made mixture 

 and prepared Bordeaux is worked out in detail and shows a great 

 advantage in everything but time in the home-made substance. It 

 should be remembered that the Bordeaux-oil emulsion is primarily 

 a fungicide and should not be used against insects only ; it is not a 

 spray mixture for general purposes. 



For those who wish to mix their own oil emulsion, the following 

 formula is recommended : — 2 U.S. gals, paraffin oil, 1 U.S. gal. water, 

 2 lb. caustic potash fish-oil soap, 1 lb. ground glue, and 2 to 4 oz. 

 50 per cent, carbolic acid or liquor cresolis compositi, U.S. P. All the 

 ingredients except the last are put into a receptacle and heated until 

 they boil. The mixture is then emulsified by pumping through a 

 force pump twice. If the mixture is to be kept more than two days, 

 a preservative should be added to prevent fermentation. 



Weiss (H. B.). Additional Nursery Insects. — New Jersey State Dept. 

 Agric, Bur. Statistics & Inspection, Trenton, Circ. 41, February 

 1922, 17 pp., 6 figs. 



Brief notes are given on the life-histories and remedial measures for 

 Dichomeris [Ypsolophtis] marginellus, F. (juniper webworm), Mineola 

 indiginella, Z. (apple leaf-crumpler), Galerucella nymphaeae, L. (pond- 

 lily leaf beetle), Rhynchaenus {Orchestes) rujipes, Lee. (willow leaf- 

 miner), and Pachypsylla celtidis-gemma, Riley (hackberry twig-gall). 



Pachyscelus laevigatus. Say (desmodium leaf-miner) is common 

 throughout New Jersey, and is found from the last week in May till 

 the fiist week in July on and near Meihomia {Desmodium) canadensis. 



