366 



possible that winter eggs are laid on the orange trees in the northern 

 and cooler parts ; this may account for their not being found in the 

 open on oranges except during part of the winter. No sexual forms 

 or eggs were evei seen, however, and they probably do not occur, 

 at least in ordinary seasons. Enemies include the parasite, Diaeretus 

 rapae, the lacewings, Chrysopa ocnlata and Hemerohins sp., and several 

 Coccinellids and Syrphids. 



Lachniis pini, L., although not important economically, was studied 

 during experimental work, and its life-history has been worked out. 

 This Aphid lives on pine-trees throughout the winter, reproducing 

 viviparously. The Hymenoptera, -Aphidkis bifasciatus, Ashm., and 

 A. pinaphidis, Ashm., are internal parasites. L. pini is remarkably 

 protected by ants, which build a covering over the colonies of Aphids 

 and drive off their enemies. 



Watson (J. R.). New Thysanoptera from Florida, ix. — Florida 

 Enl., Gainesville, v, no. 4, April 1922, pp. 65-66. 



Hindsiana pini, sp. n., is described from a single female taken from 

 a young long-leaved pine-tree. 



Watson (J. R.). Another New Thrips from Coeoanuts from Cuba. — 



Florida Ent., Gainesville, v, no. 4, April 1922, pp. 66-67. 



Hindsiana cocois, sp. n., is described from females and larvae taken 

 under scale-caps of coconuts from Cuba, intercepted in quarantine. 



Warburton (C). Annual Report for 1921 of the Zoologist. — //. 



R. Agric. Soc. England, London, Ixxxii, 1921, pp. 270-275. 

 [Received 11th May 1922.] 



The unusual weather conditions of 1921 resulted in an early appear- 

 ance of spring pests and the continuation of insect damage to a 

 remarkably late date. Cereals suffered in the spring from -wdreworms 

 and leather-jackets [Tipula] ; frit-fly [Oscinella frit] was locally very 

 destructive to late-sown oats ; gout-fly [Chlorops taeniopiis] occurred 

 widely in barley ; wheat bulb-fly [Hylemyia coarctata] only caused 

 serious damage in a few places. The life-history studies on this pest 

 [R.A.E., A, ix, 487] are now complete. The flies begin to appear 

 in early June, though emergence may be delayed until July. Oviposi- 

 tion occurs in bare soil at a depth of about | in. during July and 

 August. A few eggs hatch in the autumn, but most remain until 

 the following spring, when the newly hatched larvae penetrate the 

 central shoots of wheat plants and finally kill them. A single maggot 

 may attack several wheat plants in succession. Damage is not very 

 apparent until the third larval stage is reached, in April, when the 

 crops suffer visibly. When fully fed, in May, the maggots leave the wheat 

 and pupate in the soil at a depth of 1^-2 in. There is thus only one 

 generation in a year. The habit of oviposition on bare ground explains 

 whv bad attacks of H. coarctata always follow a bare fallow. 



Many apple pests were reported. Winter moth [Chematobia brumata], 

 apple-sucker [Psylla mali] and apple-blossom weevil [Anthonomus 

 pomorum] all appeared at an early date ; the two latter were very 

 troublesome ; the place of C. brumata in Kent orchards seems to be 

 increasingly taken by the small case-bearer, Coleophora nigricella, 

 against which winter washes are useless, but nicotine washes at the 



