406 



Phillips (E. F.). The Occurrence of Diseases of Adult Bees.— U.S. 

 Dept. Agric, Washington, D.C., Dept. Circ. 218, March 1922, 

 16 pp., 2 figs. 



An account is given of the Isle of Wight disease of bees, which has 

 not as yet appeared in the United States, and of Nosema disease. The 

 most probable means of distribution of the latter is by the importation 

 of living bees. It is thought that the precautions against the intro- 

 duction of Isle of Wight disease should be adequate to keep out any 

 further cases of Nosema, and the present wide distribution of the latter 

 and its mild character would seem to render unnecessary any quarantine 

 measures against it alone. 



Morrison (H. & E.). U.S. Bur. Ent. A Redescription of the Type 

 Species of the Genera of Coccidae based on Species originally 

 described by Maskell. — Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Washington, Ix, 

 art. 12, no. 2407, pp.1-120, 6 plates. [Received 7th June 1922.] 



The contents of this paper are indicated by its title. 



MiDDLETON (W.). U.S. Bur. Ent. Descriptions of some North 



American Sawfly Larvae. — Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Washington, 



Ixi, art. 21, no. 2442, 1922, pp. 1-31, 8 figs. [Received 

 7th June 1922.] 



Descriptions are given of larvae belonging to eight different genera 

 of sawflies obtained during investigations on insects injurious to forest 

 and shade trees and shrubs. The genera represented are briefly 

 characterised, and keys to the larvae described are included, with notes 

 on the life-history and seasonal appearance of the species. 



The Supply and Use of Tobacco Products for Insecticidal Purposes. 



— //. Dept. Agric. & Tech. Instnic. for Ireland, Dublin, xxii, 

 no. 1, May 1922, pp. 31-34. 



Experiments have been in progress since 1910 for the purpose of 

 finding an increased and cheaper supply of nicotine for spraying 

 purposes. The possibility of utilising waste tobacco in the form of 

 offal snuff, which is returned as useless by the manufacturers to the 

 revenue authorities, and is obtainable at a very low figure, has been 

 investigated. It has been found that this material, denatured by 

 mixing it with finely sifted bog mould, made a very successful insecticide, 

 and a Dublin firm has now taken up the preparation and sale of it. 

 The present commercial supply of nicotine consists largely of double- 

 distilled nicotine of 96 per cent, purity. Tobacco extract is equal, 

 if not superior, as an insecticide, to a solution of pure nicotine of 

 corresponding strength. By growing tobacco especially for nicotine, 

 or by denaturing abandoned offal snuff, large supplies for insecticidal 

 and possibly other purposes could be obtained at much below the 

 present rates for nicotine solutions and tobacco powder extracts. 

 The offal tobacco can generally be obtained from the revenue 

 authorities at about 30s. per ton for snuff and 20s. per ton for stalks. 

 The enormous supplies of tobacco leaf-stalks produced could, if finely 

 ground, be used for spraying purposes in the same manner. The 

 grinding can be done by disintegrating machinery, which is capable 

 of dealing with tobacco stalks, peat moss and even bones. The 

 tobacco, when denatured, is free from Customs and Excise control. 



