417 



were produced one month after the adults had been brought from the- 

 field, the total for two individuals being 131 in 23 days and 162 in 17 

 days respectively. Within a few hours to a day after the appearance 

 of the larvae they migrate to the stems and leaves and begin feeding ; 

 after about another fortnight they migrate to the upper roots and 

 thence to the crown and beneath the bracts around the base of the 

 stem. 



Adults were common in October on two-year old and older clover 

 roots, but not the larvae. They were always attended by ants, Lasitts 

 niger, L., var. americanus, Emery, which made tunnels along all the 

 roots on which T. trifolii was feeding. During the winter the adults 

 are placed by the ants in specially constructed chambers, and in the 

 spring they are replaced on the roots. The profuse honey-dew excreted 

 by these Coccids is one of the chief foods of the ants. Coccids left on 

 dying plants unattended by ants died, whereas those attended by ants 

 were removed to living roots. 



Davis (1894) considered T. trifolii to have two forms, a winter and 

 a summer one, but the latter appears to be Pseudococciis maritimus,. 

 Ehrh. 



The characters distinguishing the two species are given. P. mari- 

 timus, although found associated with T. trifolii on the roots of clover, 

 is rarely carried about by ants. This species has been recorded from 

 80 food-plants, and there are undoubtedly many others. In the 

 Shenandoah valley of Virginia it is more abundant on clover than 

 T. trifolii, but in Central Ohio the latter is more numerous. Eggs 

 transferred from sycamore to clover were reared in the insectary 

 with the temperature varying from 45 to 90° F. The complete life- 

 cycle of six individuals averaged 85 • 5 days from egg to egg. Winter 

 is passed in every stage, the development of which is only retarded. 

 P. maritimus produces less honey-dew than T. trifolii. 



CosENS (A.). Reports on Insects for the Year : Division no. 3, Toronto 

 District. — 51st Ann. Kept. Ent. Sac. Ontario, 1920, Toronto, 

 1921, pp. 12-13. [Received 15th June 1922.] 



Owing to the activities of parasites, assisted by spraying operations 

 and the collection of egg-masses, the tussock moth [Hemerocampa sp.] 

 is decreasing in numbers. The Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa 

 decemlineata. Say] has been more than usually attacked by the soldier 

 bug [Podisus]. Lehia grandis also kills a large number of the pest, 

 feeding on all its stages. Other beneficial insects recorded are Calosoma 

 scrutator and C. calidum, which destroy a large number of noxious 

 insects, including tent caterpillars and cutworms. The most serious 

 pests of the year were the Hessian fly [Mayctiola destructor, Say] and 

 the European corn-borer [Pyrausta nubilalis, Hb.]. 



Morris (F. J. A.). Reports on Insects for the Year : Division no. 4, 



Peterborough District. — 51st Ann. Rcpt. Ent. Sac. Ontario, 1920, 

 Toronto, 1921, pp. 13-14. [Received 15th June 1922.] 



The insects recorded for the year include : Psenocerus supernotatus 

 and Saperda puncticollis on Virginia creeper ; Leptura octonotata 

 feeding on blossoms of maple-leaved Viburnum ; Eupristocerus 

 cogitans on alder ; Typocerus luguhris and Leptura zebra on oak ; Chryso- 

 bothris harrisi on pine brush ; and Leptura plebeja on New Jersey tea. 



