458 



dead hemlock infested by Urocerns alhicoynis, adults of which were 

 flying on 1st August, while pupae and mature, small and very young 

 larvae were all found in hemlock stumps ; R. himiida, Say, from 

 Xiphidria champlaini in dead Carpinus caroliniana ; Itamoplex vinctiis,. 

 Say, from cocoons of the peach-tree borer, Aegcria {Synanthedon) 

 exitiosa ; and Lagarotis diprioni, Roh., from cocoons of Diprion lecontci. 

 Ibaliids : Ibalia ensiger, Nort., ovipositing in hemlock and taken from 

 cells of Urocerns albicornis in hemlock stumps ; and /. macidipennis, 

 Hald., parasitic on Treniex cohimha in hickory. 



Snyder (T. E.). U.S. Bur. Ent. New Termites from Hawaii, Central 

 and South America, and the Antilles. — Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 

 Washington, B.C., Ixi, Art. 20. no. 2441, 1922, pp. 1-32, 5 plates, 

 6 figs. 



This paper describes 15 new termites and a new variety, some of 

 which are of particular interest from the standpoint of comparative 

 morphology and of phylogen}^, viz., Calotermes immigrans, C. montanus,. 

 C. tuber cidifrons, C. cubanus, Neotermes connexus, N. connexus var. 

 major, Cryptotermes rospigliosi, C. piceatiis, C. thompsonae, Coptotermes 

 niger, C. crassus, Armitermes intermedius, Constrictotermes {Tenuirostri- 

 ternies) incisus, C. {T.) briciae, Anoplotermes gracilis, and A. manni. 



HoRSFALL (J. L.) & Fenton (F. A.). Onion Thrips in lowa.^/ozra 

 Agric. Expt. Sta., Ames, Bull. 205, March 1922, pp. 54-68,. 

 10 figs. [Received 10th July 1922.] 



Since the severe infestation by Thrips tabaci, Lind., in 1894, there 

 have been more or less definite outbreaks at frequent intervals in Iowa , . 

 the last two being in 1917 and 1919 when the average yield of 400 

 bushels per acre was reduced to 200 and many fields showed a total loss . 

 The life-history of this thrips and the character of the injury caused 

 are described. Experiments show a range of from seven days in July 

 to sixteen in September, with an average of eleven days, for the life- 

 cycle from the hatching of the egg to the emergence of the adult. The 

 average incubation period is three days. 



The periodicity of epidemics is in direct relation to the temperature 

 and rainfall during June, July and August. No parasites have been 

 found in Iowa. A temperature above normal and rainfall below normal 

 are factors that favour the development of the thrips and are unfavour- 

 able for the proper growth of the onion plant. 



Preventive measures are at present the most effective and economical 

 ones, and should aim at eliminating the sources of spring infestation 

 [R.A.E., A, X, 191]. In normal seasons a certain check on the 

 development of the thrips is exercised by the predacious insects, 

 Triphleps insidiosus, larvae of Chrysopa and Syrphiis, Hippodamia 

 convergens and Coccinella novemnotata. 



HoLLowAY (T. E.). U.S. Bur. Ent. The Control of the Sugar Cane 

 Borer. — Separate from Facts about Sugar, New York, xiv, no. 23, 

 3rd June 1922, 1 p. 



Many theories have been advanced in explanation of the appearance 

 of sugar-cane borers [Diatraea saccharalis crambidoides] in the fields 

 in the spring. The author suggests that they probably emerge from 

 the seed cane, planted in October, in which many of the larvae pass 

 the winter. The moths can emerge through at least half an inch of 



