492 



Herrmann (F. ) . Beobachtungen iiber die Lebensweise und Entwicklung 



des Maikafers, Melolontha vulgaris. [Observations on the Habits 

 and Development of M. melolontha.] — Bericht d. hoh. siaail. 

 Lehranst. f. Obst- ii. Gartenbau zu Proskau f. 1918-1919, Berlin, 

 1921, pp. 95-98. (Abstract in Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrankh. u. 

 Gallenkunde, Stuttgart, xxxii, no. 3-4, 1922, p. 159.) 



In the Proskau region Melolontha melolontha {vulgaris) requires four 

 years for development. Lime trees, Rohinia and Ribes are not attacked. 

 Oviposition occurs in fields at points where the heavy loam changes to 

 sand. The females appear to seek for the purpose the places where they 

 emerged from the pupae. Statistics are given to show that birds 

 cannot completely control these beetles though they ma}^ reduce 

 infestation. 



Gerhardt (K.). Ueber die Entwicklung der Spirallockengalle von 



Pemphigus spirothecae an der Pyramidenpappel. [The Develop- 

 ment of the Spiral Curl-gall of P. spirothecae on the Lombardy 

 Poplar.] — Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrankh. u. Gallenkimde, Stuttgart, 

 xxxii, no. 3-4, 1922, pp. 177-189. 



The three phases that occur in the development of the galls of 

 Pemphigus spirothecae. Pass., on the Lombardy poplar are the bending, 

 twisting and swelhng of the leaf-stalk. A slight bending was produced 

 by scratching and wetting the wound with crushed individuals of this 

 Aphid ; this effect was not obtained with another species (Tetraneura 

 ulmi). The galls appear to produce very little injury. 



Wolff (M.). Notizen zur Biologic, besonders auch zur Frage des 

 Verbreitungsmodus von Eriophyiden (Gallmilben). [Notes on the 



Biology, and especially on the Manner of Spread of Eriophyidae.] — 

 Zeitschr. f. Forst- u. Jagdwesen, liii, 1921, pp. 162-173. (Abstract 

 in Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrankh. u. Gallenkunde, Stuttgart, xxxii, 

 no. 3-4, 1922, p. 190.) 



Eriophyes tristriatus, Nal., var. erinea, Nal., which produces galls 

 on the walnut, can migrate in a few days from one tree to a neigh- 

 bouring one. Neither heat nor sunshine impair the activity of this mite. 

 Wind is not always responsible for its spread. Carriage by other insects 

 is possible, and the author has found E. tiliae liosoma on the abdomens 

 of cicadas. 



Paoli (G). Isolatori per di!endere le Piante contro la Formica dell' 

 Argentina. [Protective Bands against the Argentine Ant.] — 

 Redia, Florence, xv, 1922, pp. 1^-11, 2 figs. 



The Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex huniilis, Mayr, was introduced into 

 Madeira in 1886 or 1887 on sugar-cane from British Guiana. Besides 

 the direct injury it does, this ant protects Aphids and Coccids from 

 their enemies. In Italy, at San Remo and Rome, the dangerous scale, 

 I eery a purchasi, is thus defended. 



To prevent this, a method largely used in Madeira is advocated 

 [cf. R.A.E., A, vi, 181]. A strip of cotton wool is packed tightly round 

 the stem of a tree and fastened with thread. Over this a band of 

 tough paper is placed. This band consists of a strip about 3| in. wide, 

 with cuts about lf-2 in. deep and | in. apart made along one side. 

 This results in a fringe. Two such bands are pasted together so that 



