498 



the adults also depends on warmth and the development of the vine. 

 Compact soil that does not provide shelter is less favourable to 

 0. sulcatus than loose soils, but the practice of applying compacted 

 earth to the vines is useless and even disadvantageous, because the 

 larvae utihse it to form pupal chambers impervious to fumigation. 

 The migratory habits of the adult are very marked ; they contribute 

 materially to its spread and nullify such preventive measures as are 

 based on starving out the insect before replanting. Vine foliage has 

 been found to attract the adults, and may be used for trapping them. 

 Soil fumigation may be employed in early spring and in autumn, 

 all stages being then in the ground. Carbon bisulphide is largely 

 used, but experimentally results with it were bad. Chloropicrin 

 proved very effective, but seriously injures the vines. Toads and 

 mites are natural enemies of little practical importance. A Tachinid 

 parasite that has been bred from the larvae, and is believed to be 

 Pandelleia sexpundata, Pand., seems to be of greater value. Hiber- 

 nated weevils are more highly parasitised than those emerging later 

 in the year. None of the parasitised April specimens contained eggs, 

 though eight non-parasitised ones did so . It is probable that such mature 

 adults as were parasitised died prior to hibernation. From this it is 

 concluded that in nature both young immature adults and old sexually 

 mature adults can hibernate. Most of the Tachinid larvae in the April 

 specimens had completed their second moult. The great majority of 

 infested weevils contained only one parasite. Parasitised weevils are 

 somewhat sluggish, and they die when the Tachinid larva is ready 

 to pupate. Pupation requires about 14 days. The fly appears to 

 have two annual generations. A saprophagous fly has been bred from 

 the dead bodies of the weevils. 



Rhumbler (L.). Der Mundener Binokel£uss ; eine Vorrichtung zu 

 Binokelbeobachtungen am stehenden Stamme. [The Miinden 

 Stand for a Binocular Microscope, a Device for making Binocular 

 Observations on a standing Trunk.] — Zeitschr. angew. Ent., 

 Berlin, viii, no. 2, May 1922, pp. 403-412, 3 figs. 



The apparatus here described consists of a foot, in the form of a 

 triple claw, to which a binocular microscope removed from its ordinary 

 stand can be readily secured. Each claw is fitted with a sharp-pointed 

 steel pin, capable of being pressed into a wooden support. It is useful 

 in the field for observing in situ such insects as scales or Aphids on a 

 tree trunk. 



WtJLKER (G.). Die Parasiten und Feinde des grossen braunen Riissel- 

 kaJers. [The Parasites and Enemies of the large brown Weevil.] 

 — Zeitschr. angew. Ent., Berlin, viii, no. 2, May 1922, pp. 413-420. 



Hylohius ahietis, L., is an important pest of forest trees, especially 

 spruce and pine, in Germany, Scotland, Sweden, Holland, Belgium and 

 Russia, and large sums are expended in checking it by collection from 

 bark and trap-logs. The possibihty of biological and chemical control 

 needs attention, and some observations on parasites and other enemies, 

 made in the course of an investigation on Allantonema mirahile, Leucart, 

 a Nematode parasitising H. ahietis, are given here. 



To understand the development of parasites an exact knowledge 

 of that of their hosts is necessary, and this has not been available 

 in the case of H. ahietis. Besides a long larval period of 13-16 



