508 



A. philadelphi occurs from spring to autumn on Pkiladeiphus, 

 causing leaf-curl. It has been transferred to herbaceous plants 

 artificially only. It is injurious only to Philadelphus, and hibernates 

 on this plant alone. It is long-haired, like A. papaveris. 



A. hederae occurs from spring to autumn on ivy, causing a slight 

 leaf-curl, and hibernates on this plant. No other food-plants are 

 known. The hairs are somewhat longer than those of A. euonymi. 



A. ilicis occurs in summer on holly {Ilex), causing leaf -curl. The 

 authors have not yet ascertained if this is a distinct species. 



Another non-migrator}^ black Aphid may prove to be ^ . podagrariae, 

 Schrank, unknown since 1801. It occurs from spring to autumn on 

 Aegopodiiim podagraria, causing marked leaf-curl. It hibernates on 

 this plant. It is not injurious. Biologically it is close to A. rumicis, 

 but resembles A. vihurni in being long-haired. 



A. rumicis occurs from spring to autumn on Runiex, causing a 

 marked leaf-curl. It hibernates on this plant. No other food-plants 

 are known. It is not injurious. The hairs are slightly longer than in 

 A. euonymi. 



In combating the black Aphids, a knowledge of the winter food- 

 plants is very valuable, though this has been discounted hitherto 

 owing to the view that nearly all the species mentioned above were 

 identical, so that A. papaveris was believed to have as winter hosts 

 not only various shrubs, but also wild Rumex. It is here shown that 

 only A. papaveris (in the limited degree accepted in this paper) is a 

 pest of beans, beets and other useful plants. Its sole winter hosts 

 are the various wild or cultivated species of Eiionymiis. If, therefore, 

 all these plants could be treated in winter, or all the eggs on them could 

 be destroyed in autumn and winter, complete control of the bean and 

 beet Aphids would result. This measure would have to be undertaken 

 in winter not only in Germany, but throughout a large region in 

 Europe, a fact that renders it a remote possibility at present. There 

 does not seem to be any other imaginable method against A . papaveris 

 that is of economic value and rests on a scientific basis. In any 

 case, however, the results of these investigations may be applied by 

 large agricultural undertakings by dealing with Euonymus growing in 

 beet areas. It is certain that A. papaveris is less common in districts 

 where Euonymus is absent. On the other hand, the snowball may be 

 disregarded as an alternative food-plant, as well as Philadelphus (mock 

 orange), holly, Rumex and Aegopodium podagraria. 



Friederichs (K.). De Bestrijding van de Koffiebessenboeboek op 

 de Onderneming Karang Redjo. [Measures against the Coffee- 

 berry Borer on the Karang Redjo Estate.] — Meded. van h. Kof- 

 fiebessenboeboek- Fonds, Soerabaya, no. 1, February 1922, 21 pp. 



The coffee-berry borer, Stephanoderes hampei, Ferr., was noticed in 

 West Java in 1909 ; nine years later it had spread throughout Java 

 and threatened to become a pest in other parts of the Dutch East 

 Indies. A fund for combating it was established in July 1921, and 

 the author was entrusted with the study of this beetle. Complete 

 success has attended energetic measures on one estate. The method 

 adopted was that of " rampassen " advised by Leefmans [cf. also 

 R.A.E., A, i, 57]. After the crop had been picked, not only were all 

 the ripe berries removed, but also all the young berries of more than 

 5 millimetres (a in.) diameter. This was done in September or 

 October 1921. Ripe berries only appear again after mid- January, 



