614 



Grandi (G.). Studi sullo sviluppo postembrionale delle varie razze del 



Bombyx mori, L. — [Studies on the Post-embryonic Development 

 of the various Strains of B. mori.]— Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. & agrar. 

 R. Sciiola sup. Agric, Poytici, xvi, 25th September 1922, 

 pp. 137-206, 14 figs. 



The external morphology of the various larval stages of Bombyx 

 mori, L., is described in detail, and a key to these stages is given. 



e 



BoNDAR (G.). Cacao. A cultura X as pragas do cacaoeiro no Estado 

 da Bahia, Brasil. [The Cultivation, Diseases and Pests of Cacao 

 in the State of Bahia, Brazil.] — Secretaria Agric, Viagao, Industria 

 e Obras Publicas, Bahia, 1922, 68 pp., 35 figs. 



The insect pests of cacao in Bahia include Heliothrips rubrocinctus 

 and two Orthoptera that oviposit on the trunk and branches. One of 

 the latter lays its eggs beneath the bark in triangular patches placed 

 in pairs and the other in parallel rows. The eggs of the former are 

 parasitised by a Scelionid, Barycottus sp. 



Rhynchota that attack cacao are a Capsid bug, Mosqnilla vastatrix, 

 and Membracids, Aphids and Coccids. About ten species of Mem- 

 bracids infest this crop, including Tragopa pida, F., and Bolbonota 

 nisus. Germ., and their sugary excretions attract many ants that 

 protect them against various enemies. An Aphid, Toxoptera aurantii, 

 Boy. [theohromae, Schout.), does much damage to cacao and also 

 infests oranges. Its natural enemies include a Coccinellid {Neda 

 sanguinea) and Syrphid flies. About ten species of Coccids infest 

 cacao. They are protected by ants, without which^ they would fall 

 easy victims to their enemies. 



Among Coleopterous pests Erodiscus sp. bores into the branches, 

 in which the eggs hatch and the larvae develop. Infested branches 

 must be cut off and burned. Several Chrysomelids that attack cacao, 

 such as Omoplata nigrolineata, Boh., do little damage, but a species 

 of Noda is a very serious pest of the foliage throughout the cacao- 

 growing area. A leguminous shade-plant [Inga), grown among cacao, 

 is also attacked and would appear to be the preferred food-plant. The 

 adults may be jarred on to sheets in the early morning or late evening. 

 Two common Longicorn borers, Steirastoma depressum and Trachy- 

 deres succintus, are stated not- to attack living wood, and the author 

 doubts whether the first-named is the dangerous pest it has been 

 alleged to be. 



A number of unidentified Lepidoptera feed on the foliage, and some 

 attack the outside of the pods ; a Geometrid and a Psychid are among 

 the most harmful. 



Many ants, including Dolichoderus hispinosiis, 01., D. bidens, L., 

 Azteca chartifex, Forel, Solenopsis geminata, F., and Cremastogaster 

 evalliscens, Forel, protect sucking insects on cacao, and therefore require 

 measures to be taken against them. 



Meyrick (E.). Exotic Microlepidoptera.— ii, pt. 17, October 1922, 

 pp. 513-544. [Published by the author, Marlborough, Wilts. 

 Price 3s. a part.] 

 Of the new species described, the following were bred from plants 



of economic importance :~-Eucosma defensa, from larvae feeding 



on leaves of Pongamia glabra in Fiji ; Bactra graminivora and B. 



commensalis, mining stems of Cynodon dactylon in Bengal and Bombay ; 



and Lobesia sitophaga, from ripening seed of millet in Uganda. 



