619 



Brethes (J.) El pulgon del manzano o pulgon lanigero. [The 

 Woolly Apple Aphis.]— Analcs Soc. Riir. Argentina, Buenos 

 Aires, Ivi, no. 6, 15th March 1922, pp. 163-167, 7 tigs. [Received 

 21st October 1922.] 



The Biological Institute of the Argentine Rural Society has studied 

 the woolly aphis, Eriosoma (Schizoneura) lanigerum, Hausm., which 

 prevents apple-growing in some districts, and has begun experiments 

 with Aphelinus malt, Hald., obtained from the neighbouring republic 

 of Uruguay, where it has recently been introduced IR.A.E., A, x, 226]. 

 There is every indication that this Chalcid will prove effective, and 

 parasitised material is being distributed. 



Forbes (R. H.). Moki Lima Beans {Phaseohts Umatus) in Egypt.^ 

 Sidtanic Agric. Soc, Cairo, Tech. Sec. Bull. 9, 1921, pp. 1-22, 

 3 tables, 5 figs. (Abstract in Internat. Rev. Sci. & Pract. Agric, 

 Rome, xiii, no. 1, January 1922, pp. 55-56.) [Received 23rd 

 October 1922.] 



Insect pests and diseases have not up to the present seriously 

 menaced Phaseolus limatiis in Egypt, and such attacks of grasshoppers 

 [Euprepocnemis plorans), Etiella zinckenella, and Brnchus irresectus 

 as have occurred have been successfully checked. 



ScHiERHOLz (C). Economy in Hydrocyanic Fumigation. — Oesterreich- 

 ische Chemiker-Ztg., Vienna, xxiv, no. 22, 15th November 1921, 

 p. 166. (Abstract in Internat. Rev. Sci. & Pract. Agric, Rome, 

 xiii, no. 1, January 1922, p. 151.) [Received 23rd October 1922.] 



In fumigation at low temperatures only from 80 to 84 per cent. 

 of the hydrocyanic acid gas is liberated in three or four hours, the 

 rest remaining in solution. The present cost of cyanide makes it worth 

 while trying to find out some way of reducing the amount used. As 

 hydrocyanic acid gas acts by asphyxiation, its chief antidotes are 

 oxygen and potassium permanganate. An attempt was made to 

 decrease the oxygen content of air by using a solution of pyrogallic 

 acid or by burning vegetable charcoal. In this way it was found 

 possible to decrease the oxygen of the air by 15-20 per cent. ; and this 

 was sufficient to render the action of the accumulated hydrocyanic 

 acid gas four times as efficacious, and hence to reduce the consumption 

 of cyanide to one-fourth. In four or five hours all insects and their eggs 

 are destroyed, and after one hour's ventilation the air has become normal. 



Faes (H.). La culture indigene du pyrethre [Pyrethmm cinerariae- 



folium). — Prog, agric. & vitic, Montpellier, Ixxviii, no. 43 

 "22nd October 1922, pp. 394-400, 3 figs. 



This paper has been noticed from another source [R.A.E., A, x, 231]. 



Pettey (F. W.). The Control of Red Scale in Pear Orchards.—//. 



Dept. Agric Union S. Africa, Pretoria, v, no. 4, October 1922 

 pp. 337-342. 



This paper records spraying experiments conducted at Elsenburg 

 against Chrysoniphalus aurantii (red scale) during the 1920-22 fruit 

 seasons. The conclusions reached confirm those previously recorded 

 [R.A.E., A, ix, 579]. Instructions are given for slight modifications 

 of the sprays to suit various kinds of pears and varying conditions of 

 infestation with other pests or diseases. 



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