623 



monsoon. The larvae may, perhaps, develop durmg a part of the 

 year in the flower-buds and young fruits, as they have been found in 

 these parts of the jak-tree (.4. integrifolia) in British India. No 

 definite control can be advised as yet, but the cutting or crushing of 

 the infested tops, together with the pruning away of the lateral 

 branches, might be tried. 



Kalshoven (L.). Zoologische Bijdragen. No. 3. De dierlijke 

 beschadigingen van de Mahonie {Swietenia mahagoni, Jacq., en 

 5. macyophylla, King). No. 4. Djati-insecten en de herkomst 



van Tectona gyandis, L£., op Java. [Notes on Forest Zoology 

 for the Dutch East Indies. No. 3. The Injuries by Animals to 

 Mahogany. No. 4. Tectona grandis in Java, its Insect Pests 

 and Land of Origin.] — Tectona, Buitenzorg, xv, no. 9, 1922, 

 782-793. (With summaries in English.) 



A short preliminary list is given of mahogany pests. Xyleborus sp. 

 infests the root, stem and branches of seedlings and young trees. 

 The caterpillar of Zeuzera coffeae, Nietn., may cause the larger branches 

 or the upper part of the stem of trees over one year old to wither. 

 A Pyralid twig-borer, Hvpsipyla robusta, Moore, destroys the tips of 

 the branches and is a serious pest. It also infests the seeds and causes 

 premature dropping of the fruits. Leaf curl, caused by a bug, Helo- 

 peltis sp., is unimportant. Attacus atlas, L., and Orsonoha clelia, Cram., 

 are unimportant Lepidopterous pests of the foliage, which is also 

 slightly injured by Orthoptera and a Pentatomid bug. The felled 

 timber is attacked by termites and wood-boring beetles, including 

 Bostrychids. 



Some facts are also mentioned in connection with the controversy 

 as to whether teak is a native tree in Java. The common occurrence 

 of Hyhlaea piiera, Cram., and Zeuzera coffeae, Nietn. (both found in 

 British India), Xyleborus destruens, Bldfd., and Calotermes tectonae, 

 Damm. (not found as yet on any other indigenous food-plant in 

 Java, but both apparently absent from British India, the supposed 

 country of origin of teak), and Duomitns ceramicns, Wlk. (present in 

 British India, and for which no alternative food-plant has been found 

 there or in Java) in Javanese teak does not necessarily prove or 

 disprove the theory of the importation of teak. Further investiga- 

 tions, especially on alternative food-plants of teak pests, are necessary. 



Beek:\ian (H.). De groote Djati-boorder (oleng-oleng) Duomitns 

 ceramicus, Wlk. [The large Teak -borer, D. ceramicus.] — Meded. 

 Proefst. Boschwezen, Buitenzorg, no. 4, 1919, pp. 1-17, 6 plates. 

 [Received 23rd October, 1922.] 



The large teak-borer, Duomitns ceramicus, Wlk., is very widespread 

 in Java. The various forms of injury caused by this Cossid are 

 described from the literature. 



The duration of the larval stage has not been directly observed. 

 The transition from larva to pupa requires 3-4 days, and at the Forest 

 Experiment Station the pupal stage lasted 32 or 33 days, which 

 compares with 4-6 weeks as indicated by Beeson [R.A.E., A, x, 178]. 

 A few hours before the moth emerges the pupa moves to the entrance 

 of the mine and projects out of it. At Buitenzorg captive adults 

 lived only a few days. The total life-cycle may be assumed to last 

 a year. Pupae were found from February to June, while the moths 

 occurred from March onwards, i.e., at the end of the wet monsoon. 



