625 



as Casuarina, ornamental shrubs, and fruit trees. It has been observed 

 in teak [Tectona grandis), Viiex pubescens, small-leaved mahogany 

 {Swietenia mahagoni), Cedrela febrifiiga, C. sinensis, Lagerstroemia 

 speciosa, Terminalia belerica, Bauhinia malabarica, etc. Thus many 

 trees of importance in forestry are subject to attack. 



It is not certain where the eggs are deposited. The egg, larva, 

 pupa and moth are described. The larva mines the branches, but 

 also occurs in the slender stems of young plants and in the stems of 

 plants the twigs of which are too small. The mine consists of two 

 parts, one — less than an inch in length — being a ring-like section 

 beneath the entrance-hole, while the other, extending from the 

 entrance-hole to the tip of the twig, may be some feet long. In teak 

 the mine follows the edges of the pith and wood. No data are available 

 as to the duration of the life-cycle. In 1917-18 the larvae were seen 

 from I\Iay to October, during the east monsoon. Moths were bred out 

 at Buitenzorg from the end of October to the beginning of December. 



A fungus, a Braconid and birds were among the natural enemies 

 noticed, and Zehntner ascribed the rarity of serious outbreaks of 

 Z. coffeae to parasites. Infestation is revealed by the presence of 

 withered twigs or plants. Infested twigs ma}- be cut off and split 

 open to destroy the lar\'ae. 



Kalshoven (L. G. E.). De roode Stamboorder, Zenzera postexcisa, 

 Hampson. [The Red Stem-borer, Z. postexcisa.] — Meded. Proefst. 

 Boschioezen, Buitenzorg, no. 4, 1919, pp. 69-71, 1 plate. [Received 

 23rd October 1922.] 



On felling a trunk of Phoebe excelsa fresh mines were noticed in the 

 foot. Larvae bred from these proved to be Zeuzera postexcisa, Hmps. 

 The larva, pupa and adult moth are described. Though this species 

 is recorded from British India, no biological data on it are to be found 

 in the literature. It is impossible that Z. postexcisa should be con- 

 fined to Phoebe excelsa, and possibly man\' similar mines found in Java 

 in Oiiercns, Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae are due to infestation by it. 



Kalshoven (L. G. E.). Schade door den „ Ringboorder " Phassiis (?) 

 damor, Moore, aan Wildhoutculturen. [Injury by the Ring 

 Borer, Phassiis (?) damor, to Wild Timber Plantations.] — Meded. 

 Proefst. Boschwezen, Buitenzorg, no. 4, 1919, pp. 75-81, 2 plates. 

 [Received 23rd October 1922.] 



^ The Hepialid, Phassus damor, Moore, is not rare in western and 

 central Java. It was first noticed as a pest of cinchona. In 1911 

 Roepke reported it from cacao. Since then it has been found on tea, 

 Erythrina and Albizzia moluccana. The wild trees infested include 

 Altingia excelsa, Magnolia blumei, Schima noronhae, Nyssa javanica, 

 Glochidion, Eugenia, Evodia, Symplocos, Lauracea, and Vernonia 

 arborea. In 1918 a suspected infestation of teak was noticed. The 

 size of the stem and the resultant thickness of the bark seem of more 

 consequence to this ring-borer than the character of the wood. The 

 attacked wild timbers had stems from f to 5| in. thick at the base, 

 and were 2-3 years old. Cinchona of about the same age and thickness 

 is attacked. 



The larva, pupa and moth are described. The young larva feeds 

 on the bast, usually at the root-collar, but sometimes higher up, 

 especially if several individuals infest the same stem, in which case 



