THE CONTINENTAL FLORA OF SOUTH SWEDEN 289 



Grass heaths. 



a. Sannatian sand-grass heaths. Characteristic species are: Thymus serpyllum, 

 Pulsatilla pratensis, Artemisia campestris, Dianthus deltoides, Galium verum, 

 Hieracium pilosella, Sedum acre, Carex arenaria, Corynephorus canescens, 

 Festuca sabulosa (Ands.) Lindb. fil., Koeleria glauca, Phleum Bochmeri, 

 Viola rupestris, Barbula ruralis, Cetraria aculeata and islandica, Cladina 

 silvatica, Cladonia rangiformis. For Skane we have to add: Astragalus 

 arenarius, Dianthus arenarius, Anthericum liliago and ramosum, and Heli- 

 chrysum arenarium; for ()land Carex ligerica and obtusata. (See Table 

 3, Appendix II.) 



These communities have a scanty distribution in South Sweden: Skane, 

 Blekinge on Lister and the Torhamn peninsula, and on Oland and Got- 

 land. They are most highly developed in eastern Skane. 



b. Saruiatiaji hillside-grass heaths — like the dry meadows — contain se- 

 veral South European and South-Eastern European species (see the ana- 

 lyses in Table 2, Appendix II). The following may be picked out as 

 more pervading characteristic .species: 



Thymus serpyllum, Artemisia campestris, Filipendula hexapetala, Galium 

 verum, Hieracium pilosella, Plantago lanceolata, Potentilla Tabernaemontani, 

 Sedum acre, Avena pratensis, Festuca ovina, Hypnum lutescens, Thuidium 

 abietinum, Cetraria islandica, and Cladonia rangiformis. For Oland we 

 have to add Helianthemum oelandicum. 



This type would seem to be somewhat more confined to Oland 

 and Gotland than type I a. The analyses from Vastergotland and ()ster- 

 gotland in Table 2 have only with great hesitation been ranged with the 

 grass heaths. 



c. Subatlantic grass heaths, generally on sandy soil. On sand-fields they may 

 occupy small areas, where for one reason or another Calluna does not 

 form the vegetation cover. Thus, for instance, on old dunes (»graa Klit», 

 Warming). In South-Eastern Sweden, where the type merges into the 

 Sarmatian grass heaths, it occurs principally on sandy hillsides. According 

 to analyses distributed over the whole district from Blekinge in the south 

 to Vastmanland and Gestrikland in the north, it is in this district cha- 

 racterized by the following species: 



Achillea millefolium. Campanula rotundifolia, Galium verum, Helianthe- 

 mum chamaecistus, Hieracium pilosella, Pimpinella saxifraga, Plantago 

 lanceolata, Potentilla argentea, (Scleranthus perennis), Sedum acre. Thymus 

 serpyllum, Trifolium arvense, Viscaria vulgaris, Agrostis tenuis, Carex 

 ericetorum and caryophyllea, Festuca ovina, Luzula campestris, Poa angu- 



