THE CONTINENTAL FLORA OF SOUTH SWEDEN 291 



however, a good result may be gained in so far as the number of species, added at 

 the increase of the experimental areas to four square metres, is rather inconsiderable. I 

 have to a great extent availed myself of the size of one scjuare metre, above all be- 

 cause wider areas with a uniform vegetation have in many cases not been procurable. 

 By analysing experimental areas of the size of one S(}uare metre or four square 

 metres I consider I have gained sufficient knowledge of the character of the vegetation 

 to clear up the tnode of occurrence of steppe species. 



The vegetation analyses given in the tables offer certain information about the 

 mode of occurrence of steppe species in South Sweden. It appears from them 

 that certain species chiefly belong to the dry meadows, others to the grass heaths. 

 In virtue of numerous observations and examinations outside these analyses, 

 especially regarding the Oland vegetation, I consider myself able to divide the 

 steppe species according to their mode of occurrence in the said respect in the 

 following manner. Chiefly in dry vieadoius there occur: Adonis vernalis, Anemone 

 silvestris, Artemisia laciniata, Aster linosyris, Centaurea jacea, Crepis praemorsa, 

 Fragaria viridis, Medicago falcata (common on Oland in a transition type and 

 may also be found there on grass heaths; cf. Tables i and 2), Ranunculus poly- 

 anthemos, Polygala comosa, Prunella grandiflora, Senecio integrifolius (according 

 to its occurrence Skane: Ivetofta), Seseli libanotis, and Trifolium montanum. 



With the flora of the grass heaths are to be classed: Allium montanum (accord- 

 ing to its occurrence Skane: Espet; in localities in Dalsland it would generally 

 seem to be a pure cliff plant), Pulsatilla patens (according to its occurrences »File 

 hed> and Follingbo: Skrubbshage on Gotland, K. Johansson 191 2, pp. 24 ff. ; 

 in the locality of Lojsta: Tonnklint on Gotland, it occurs in the transition zone 

 between a sparse herbaceous pine forest and a steppe-like herb vegetation on a 

 limestone rock. See Sernander 1894, P- 83; K. Johansson 1. c. pp. 27 ff.), Ar 

 temisia campestris, Carex obtusata, Helichrysum arenarium, Koeleria glauca, 

 Medicago minima [according to its occurrence Oland: Borgholm. About the niode 

 of occurrence in the few localities in eastern Skane Areschoug says (1889): »Occurs 

 rarely on dry, sandy hillsides»; hence it even here probably belongs to a grass 

 heath], Potentilla arenaria and rupestris (often a pure cliff plant), Stipa pennata 

 (see the analyses of Vartofta in Table 2 and Sernander 1908, pp. 54 and 62. 

 This grass heath, however, closely resembles the dry meadows), Viola rupestris 

 (in Central and Northern Sweden also in dry meadows). — Phleum Boehmeri 

 and Veronica spicata occur on the Alvar of Oland and probably also of Gotland 

 often in dry meadows. They would, however, occur chiefly in grass heaths. — 

 Oxytropis pilosa forms part on the locality at Heda: Norro (analysed in Table 

 2) as at the neighbouring Hogby: Skogsjo in Ostergotland in a transition type. 

 At Lummelunda on Gotland it occurs in a sparse vegetation on a sandy sea- 



