THE CONTINENTAL ELORA OE SOUTH SWEDEN 347 



This species has a not inconsiderable power of turning to account suitable 

 localities created by civilization. Thus, it is rather often met with on roadsides, 

 railway-beds, in gravel- pits etc. 



As appears from the map, the distribution is very different from that of the 

 two species mentioned above. I should especially like to direct attention to the 

 curious leap made by the species from Kolmarden to the southern shore of Lake 

 Malar, where it has some few occurrences, the only ones in the Malar district. 

 [Cf. the distribution of the West European Hypericum montanum (Fig. 25)]. 



Attention may also be drawn to the fact that the species is almost comple- 

 tely lacking on Oland and Gotland. Vicia silvatica, also a species characteristic 

 of wooded hillsides in South Sweden, shows the same peculiarity in its distri- 

 bution. 



Vicia cassubica exhibits a close agreement with the preceding species in a 

 frequent number of occurrences in the broken coast regions of Ostergotland 

 and northern Smaland. In Norway the species has a remarkable distribution. It 

 occurs in the escarpments on the southern coast (Lyngor — Christiansand), but is 

 lacking in the Christiania district. 



In connection with this species may be mentioned two other continental 

 species which are far rarer in the south of Sweden, but which nevertheless have 

 certain main features of distribution in common with Vicia cassubica: Cotoneaster 

 vielanocarpa (Plate 12), whose general distribution in Europe is very peculiar owing 

 to a great bulge towards the west over southern Scandinavia from the distribution 

 area of Siberia and Eastern Europe, and Vicia pisiformis , which has a few occurences 

 scattered over Central Sweden and the south-eastern Norway, which are very 

 much isolated from the also very much scattered occurrences found in the 

 Sarmatian-Central European distribution area. (Plate 12). 



Some species belonging to mesophilous thin forest associations. These species 

 are principally met with in the luxuriant vegetation, often rich in species, which 

 forms the edge of the wood in the shore belts of marshes, lakes and watercourses 

 in tracts with comparatively nutritious soil. To a great extent, of course, they 

 have obtained increased dispersal through human agency and are often found in 

 hayfields. Many of them can also be met with on dry wooded slopes. 



Here may be mentioned in the first place Calamagrostis arundinacea. The 

 species has a wide distribution in South Scandinavia, but shows, nevertheless, an 

 evidently continental character. In South Sweden it is spread much more in the 

 north-eastern forest districts than in the south-western ones (Plate 22). — A similar 

 South-Scandinavian distribution has Thalictrum simplex. 



A species falling under this heading which also is very widely distributed in 

 the south of Sweden is Selinum carvifolia (Plate 7). Outside Sweden this species 

 is found over the whole of the mainland of Europe, with the exception of a small 



