THE CONTINENTAL FLORA OF SOUTH SWEDEN 365 



Scutellaria hastifolia has a distribution which presents a quite different appear- 

 ance (Plate lo). This species is widely distributed in the centre and south-west 

 of Russia, and also in Central Europe north of the Alps; and in the east of Bal- 

 ticuni and the north of Germany it is found on the shores of lakes and water- 

 courses as far west as the river Weser. Moreover round the Baltic it is distri- 

 buted along the south-eastern coast of Sweden but is altogether absent in the 

 south-west of Sweden and also in Denmark. 



The distribution of these three species around the Baltic vv^ould seem to show- 

 how very differently the l^altic must have influenced the dispersal of different 

 species in the north-west of Europe (cf. above pp. 270 and 335). 



As regards the distribution of the species belonging to this group, the following 

 points may also be observed. In Scandinavia the species show no predilec- 

 tion for the areas which are markedly continental in their nature. The distribu- 

 tion of the species is determined by the degree to which they have been able 

 to turn to account the influence of human intervention or the supply of suitable 

 natural habitats, the existence of which may be only in a comparatively very 

 small degree dependent on continental geographical conditions. There might be 

 indications that the species have not yet attained their fullest distribution in the 

 south of Scandinavia. Perhaps there is going on an invasion of species with 

 this mode of occurrence. 



Species found in Coniferous Forests. 



By coniferous forests is here meant Scotch pine- and Common spruce- forests 

 rich in mosses or undershrubs. 



The small number of species which can be counted as distinctive of this type 

 of vegetation are very widely distributed over Boreal Europe. In Western Europe 

 most of these species are also distributed outside the limits of the pine and 

 the spruce. 



The distribution of the pine and the spruce in Scandinavia may be studied 

 in a copious literature, to which, for lack of space, I must here confine myself 

 to referring: Andersson 1896; Gloersen 1885; Hemberg 1904; Hcsselman och 

 Schotte 1906; Sernander 1902 and 1909; Sylven 19 16. 



The continental species of South Sweden which can rightly be named here 

 are only two in number — Ckiinaphila umbellata and Pyrola chlorantha. 



The first-named is remarkable because of its southerly and distinctly easterly 

 distribution in Scandinavia (Plate 12). Moreover attention must be drawn to the 

 marked concentration of occurrences to low-lying tracts of Central Sweden. The 

 distribution approximates to the type which may be said to have the form of a 



25 Gengrafisha Antialer ig!2. 



