34 SWISS FLOWERS. 



known ones to notice three which are not found wild in 

 England, the characters of which are very distinctly marked. 

 The general characters of the Viola are five petals, 

 unequal, the lower lengthened into a spur; five stamens, 

 rather insignificant, the anthers meeting in the form of a 

 <;one, two of the filaments lengthened into the spur of the 

 petals ; and stipules on the stem of more or less consequence. 

 Viola pinnata (Fig. 15) has rather small, sweet-smelling, 

 pale-purple flowers. It is distinguished by its leaves, 

 which grow in the pinnate form ; or rather, perhaps, they 

 are palmate, much divided, being thus very different from 

 those of the rest of the family. It is very rare, scat- 

 tered through the valleys in the southern chain of the Alps : 

 Valley of Saas, Zmutt-Glacier, Alesse in Valais, Grisons, 

 Bessans in Maurienne. 



V. calcarata, Spurred Violet (Fig. 16), does not look very 

 xinlike some of the wild Pansies, but may be recognised by 

 its long spur, and more or less deeply-lobed stipules, which 

 it is not difficult to mistake for leaves. It sends its runners 

 underneath the "ground, and springs up here and there with 

 a tuft of leaves bearing a single one-flowered stalk. It is 

 feund on very high mountain-pastures : Jura, Mont Sem- 

 noz, Mont Charvin, Col des Aravis, Mont Mery, top of 

 Faulhorn, Mont Cenis, Little St. Bernard, Riffel. A yellow 

 variety is mentioned as being found at Mont Cenis, Great 

 St. Bernard, Zermatt. 



