38 



but the results were mostly negative, owing, probably, to the proximity 

 of infested unsprayed trees and to the inability of the growers to spray- 

 as often as necessary. In one instance, however, an isolated tree so 

 treated, yielded a good crop. In 1911, in New York, Illing worth 

 prevented oviposition by R. pomonella by using : — Syrup 4 pints,, 

 potassium arsenate 1 lb., and water 45 pints, with a second appli- 

 cation four days later; and in 1912, adopted similar control methods 

 against the cherry fruit-flies, R. cingulata, Loew, and R.fausta, 0. S., but 

 as in the case of the apple maggot, there is some evidence that arsenate 

 of lead without the addition of sweet substances may prove effective 

 against them. 



Semenov (R. S.). Mom cnoco6T> JieneHin rHMiibua. [My method of 

 curing foul-brood.] — « PycCKill riHenOBOflHblil JlMCTOK'b.» [Russian 

 Beekeeping Gazette], Moscow, nos. 8 & 9 ; August & September 

 1914; pp. 275-278 & 294. 



In this paper, the author reports on the effects of the remedies 

 usually recommended for foul-brood, such as /3-naphthol, formic 

 acid, formalin, etc. As it appears certain that the infection occurs in 

 the comb and honey and in the bodies of the bees themselves, the remedy 

 must attack all these sources of infection at the same time. The bees, 

 therefore, must not be allowed to visit neighbouring hives nor be 

 starved in the swarming hive. The disinfected food given them must 

 be eaten by the bees even when the pollen they may have gathered is 

 present, but there is no necessity for isolating the queen bee in a 

 separate cell for 21 days, and so interrupting oviposition and the normal 

 life of the hive. The author describes his method as follows :— Into 

 an empty hive, containing from five to nine frames with artificial 

 foundations, a frame from a diseased hive, containing a queen was 

 introduced, care being taken to select for this purpose one as little 

 infected as possible and not yet completely filled with honey. More 

 bees from the diseased hive were then shaken into the new one. The 

 new hive containing the queen bee is put in the place previously 

 occupied by the old one and the bees returning with pollen enter it 

 without suspicion. From the old infected hive, all the combs not 

 occupied by larvae are removed, the comb warmed, formic acid added 

 to the food and some days later, in the evening, all the queen cells are 

 removed and replaced by others naturally sealed. The next morning 

 the new hive was disinfected when most of the bees had already 

 departed to collect pollen and while the remainder were busy building 

 the comb. Opening the hive carefully, the bees are quickly shut out 

 from the comb so as to prevent them from taking honey from it, and 

 the frame is then returned to the old hive. The bees remaining on 

 the floor of the hive were then sprinkled with a mixture of honey and 

 a 10 per cent, solution of formic acid by means of a small brush. All 

 the bees on the floor and the walls of the new hive were thus treated 

 and were obliged to consume the honey adhering to them and to 

 retain it for about 24 hours until they started rebuilding a new comb. 

 Hurried shaking prevented them from taking the infected honey, 

 while the abundant moistening compelled them to take disinfected 

 food and thus disinfect themselves. The old hive was left as described 

 above for about 20 days, by which time all the larvae would have 



