something to complete the damage begun by C. capitata. The mango 

 fruit-fly, Bactrocera ferruginea, F. [see this Review, Ser. A, i, p. 157], 

 is stated to be the most harmful fruit-fly in Java. It not only attacks 

 the mango, but is a serious enemy of Spanish pepper and capsicum. 

 It is also a pest of coffee berries, sapodilla {Achras sapota), Eugenia, 

 and of all cucurbitaceous plants. 



Bactrocera cucurbitae, Coq., (the melon or bitter gourd fruit-fly) 

 is a great pest of all cucurbitaceous fruits, but has not yet been noted 

 as of much importance in Java. It has also been found in tomatoes, 

 French beans, mangoes, and papaws. 



Bactrocera caudata, F., is said to attack many Idnds of fruits in 

 Java and has long been known, but only now and again does it become 

 a serious pest. The best plan of controlling the attacks of fruit-flies 

 is to collect and destroy all attacked and fallen fruits daily, so that 

 the larvae may have the least possible chance of escaping into the 

 ground to pupate. All such fruit should be burnt, or plunged for 

 15 minutes into boiling water. It is no use burying it, because it has 

 been found that pupae buried a foot deep were not prevented from 

 developing and the perfect insects contrived to reach the surface. 

 InamersJon in water is also useless. Flies have been developed from 

 fruit which has been plunged for 45 hours in sea-water and also from 

 fruit which had been well fumigated with hydrocyanic acid gas. 

 Pupae which have been kept for 3 weeks in a freezing chamber also 

 developed perfect insects. Thorough cultivation of the ground 

 underneath the trees is useful, as this brings the pupae to the surface, 

 where they may dry up or be eaten by birds or other animals. Flooding 

 of the ground under the trees with water wall suffocate any pupae 

 or larvae. 



Under the Ordinance referred to above, it is absolutely forbidden 

 to import into the Dutch Indies any fresh fruits from Austraha without 

 special permission, nor is it permitted to import any material w^hich 

 may have served for the packing of fruit of Australian origin. Should 

 fruit come from Austraha, its arrival must be immediately reported, 

 and permission in writing by the proper authority may be given for 

 its landing, but this will be refused unless the fruit is packed in absolutely 

 new cases. Further, it must be accompanied by a certificate from a 

 competent authority at the port of lading that it is free from fruit- 

 fly or other insect pests. Provision is made for the destruction of 

 imported fruit and of all packing material. This Ordinance came 

 into force on 1st February 1914. 



Miller (K.). CieOjieBafl coBKa bi> EKaTepMHOcnaecHOM ry5epHiM bt> 



I9II-I9I3. [Oria miiscidosa, Hb., in the government of 

 Ekaterinoslav in 1911-1913.]— « 3aHMTa paCTeHJM OTl* BpeflM- 

 TeneM.» [The protection of plants from pests, no. 2 (20),] Supple- 

 ment to the Journal « JlwOnienb hpupoflbl » , [Friend of Nature], 

 Petrograd, 1914, 17 pp., 9 figs., 2 sketch maps. 



The damage done to crops by Oria (Tapinostola) musculosa during 

 the years 1911-1913 are tabulated in this paper and the results shown 

 on sketch-maps. In 1911 caterpillars were reported only from a few 

 localities of three districts of the government and the damage was 



