52 



other species not yet identified. The difference in the fauna is due 

 to the fact that the orchards in the latter area are situated on ground 

 cleared by felling the woods, consisting of oaks, black poplars, aspen 

 and great quantities of thorn. Much of the thorn has been left 

 standing and favours the breeding of many pests. 



The conference accepted the author's recommendations that the 

 Zemstvo should organise local classes and lectures on pests and the 

 measures to be taken against them, and should appoint instructors 

 to demonstrate and supervise their control. 



Miller (K. K.) BpeAHblfl HactKOMbifl m dopb6a CTj hmmm. [Injurious 

 insects and the fight against them.]— CnpaB04HMH"b « HDWHOe 

 X03flMCTB0.» [Southern Husbandnj Annual], Ekaterinoslav, 

 1914, pp. 321-340, 33 figs. 



This year-book contains articles relating to agriculture and briefly 

 refers to insect pests. Field and market-garden pests mentioned, 

 include : Oria nmscvlosa, Hb., Pyrmista nuhilalis, Hb., {Botys silacealis), 

 Phlyctaenodes sticticalis, L., Anisojdia austriaca, Hbst., Cephus 

 pygmaeus, L., Mayetiola destructor. Say, larvae of Elateridae, 

 Birathra brassicae, L., and Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Latr. Amongst 

 the pests of orchards are many Curculionidae, including : — Anthono- 

 mus pomorwn, L., Rhynchites pauxiUus, Germ., R. bacchus, L., and R. 

 giganteus, Kryn., other pests being Hyponomeuta malinellus, Z., 

 Lymantria dispar, L., Malocosoma neustria, L., Aporia crataegi, L., 

 Euprodis chrysorrhoea, L., Epicometis hirta, Poda, and Cydia 

 pomonella, L. 



Slingerland (M. V.) & Crosby (C. R.). Manual of Fruit Insects. 

 New York : MacMillan & Co., 1914, xvi-f503 pp. Price 8s. 6d. net. 



This book is one of the latest volumes of the series of Rural Manuals, 

 edited by L. H. Bailey, and is to a large extent a posthumous work. 

 Professor Shngerland's manuscript having been collected and edited 

 by C. R. Crosby. It contains a large amount of well arranged and 

 most useful information. The insects are grouped according to the 

 trees and plants attacked. No less than 103 species are mentioned 

 as pests of the apple, arranged according to the part attacked. Pests 

 of the pear and quince are next dealt with, followed by those of the 

 plum, peach, cherry, raspberry, blackberry, dewberry, currant, 

 strawberry, grape and cranbeny, with a final chapter on 

 insecticides. Quaintance estimated that the annual loss of the United 

 States in fruit of all kinds due to the attacks of insects was over 66 

 million dollars, the largest single amount being attributed to the 

 codling moth, the next to the San Jose scale, and about the same 

 amount to miscellaneous apple insects, while the grape and plum 

 crops were estimated to suffer to the extent of more than 8| million 

 dollars each annually. These enormous losses more than justify the 

 publication of all possible information as to the habits of pests and 

 the best known methods for their control, and this book should be of 

 great value to all fruit-growers, as it contains this information in a 

 concise and readily comprehensible form. The general plan is to 



