66 



beetles and their larvae often destroy the young plants, the former 

 cutting through the stems of two-year-old fir trees and devouring the 

 shoots of four to six year pine trees, while the larvae attack the seeds, 

 roots and stems of young plants of oak, beech, pine, and fir. 



In the southern part of the country the larvae of Melolontha 

 are the most serious pest. The females must be prevented from 

 ovipositing in the nurseries ; loose, broken soil, which they prefer, 

 must be avoided and the beds should be protected by a covering of moss 

 or pine needles between the rows. Against the pine weevil, Hylohius 

 abietis, which gnaws the bark of the young trees, the following remedies 

 are reconmiended : — In forests bordering on tracts which are to be 

 planted, it is necessary to remove the bark from the roots of the felled 

 trees in order to prevent the beetles from breeding there, or else to 

 give the areas a rest of three years before planting. As the beetles 

 seldom make use of their wings, trenches, 1 foot deep, are useful in 

 order to collect them and prevent their spread. Pissodes notatus 

 destroys not only four to six year old fir plants, but also older trees. 

 As this weevil breeds chiefly in unhealthy trees, all these should be 

 removed and burnt before the larvae have completed their metamor- 

 phosis. Hylastes ater also attacks the young fir trees, and should be 

 controlled in the same way as the pine weevil. The caterpillars of 

 Euxoa (Agrotis) segetum and E. tritici attack yearling plants of pine 

 and fir. 



V. A. CreSjieBan coBKa btj XapbHOBCKoii rySepHiM bt, 1914 r. [Oria 



musculosa in the government of Charkov in 1914.] — « ElOJIJieTeHb 

 BpeAMTejiflX-b Ce/ibCKaro XosnJiCTBa h itpax-b 6opb6bi cb hhmm.» 



[Bulletin on Pests of Agriculture and Methods of fighting them.} 

 Pubhshed by the Entomological and Phytopathological Bureau 

 of the Zemstvo of the govt, of Charkov, Charkov, no. 5, October 

 1914, pp. 18-19. 



A table is given showing that no less than 37,500 acres, in 11 

 villages of one district in the government of Charkov, were infested 

 with Oria {Tapinostola) musculosa. If no control measures are 

 undertaken, this pest may spread next year over a much larger area. 



AvERiN (V. G.). OceHHifl pa6oTbi no 6opb6t ci* BpeflHbiMn HactKO" 



HblMH. [Autumn work in the fight against injurious insects.] — 



«BH)JineTeHb o BpeAHTennx-b GenbCKaro XosflMcrea m Mtpaxv 

 6opb6bI C"b HMM11.» [Bulletin on Pests of Agriculture and Methods 

 of fighting them.] Charkov, no. 5, October 1914, pp. 19-20. 



The measures which should be undertaken in orchards and market- 

 gardens in autumn against various pests are described. In localities, 

 where injury by Gryllotalapa gryllotalpa has been observed, holes of 

 from 1| to 2 feet square and of the same depth, filled with dung and 

 covered with earth, are recommended. The insects will collect in 

 these, and as soon as frosts set in, the holes must be opened and the 

 dung scattered about. As regards the pests of fruit trees, such as 

 Anthonomus pomorum, Rhynchites pauxillus, Cydia pomonella and 

 Byturus tomentosus, the recommendations include collecting and 

 burning fallen leaves, etc. ; cleaning the bark and smearing it with 



