69 



Later, Systena hudsonias, was abundant on a number of wild plants 

 as well as on clover, potatoes, etc. The raspberry cane-borer has 

 been abundant and a large number of canes of both wild and cultivated 

 raspberries and blackberries have been killed by its egg punctures. 

 The currant saw-fly, Pteronus ribesi, was injurious to both wild and 

 cultivated currants, as well as to gooseberries. The clover-seed 

 Chalcid, Bruchopha/jfus funebris, which was observed last year for the 

 first time and did considerable damage to the seed crop, was again 

 present and a large percentage of developing seed was destroyed. 



Hewitt (C. G.). The loss from insect pests in Canada.— ^^rtc. Gaz. 

 Canada, Ottawa, i, no. 10, October 1914, p. 765. 



At a conservative estimate, the annual loss from insect pests in 

 Canada is considerably over £20,000,000, a very great proportion of 

 which could be prevented, even with our present limited knowledge 

 of control methods. 



Brittain (W. H.). Pests of the year in Nova Scotia. — Agric. Gaz. 

 Canada, Ottawa, i, no. 10, October 1914, pp. 795-797. 



When the San Jose scale, Aspidiofus perniciosus, was discovered 

 in Nova Scotia some of the infestations were of several years standing. 

 Every orchard was inspected and all trees found infested with scale were 

 destroyed. In 1912, 723 such trees were destroyed ; in 1913, 57 ; 

 and in 1914, only 3. The brown-tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 

 is kept well within bounds by the measures being taken against it. 

 The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, though present everywhere, is 

 rarely injurious, as its control is efficient. Other orchard insects that 

 are usually present are : green fruit worms, Xylina spp., bud-moth, 

 Eucosma {Tmetocera) ocellana, the green apple aphis, Aphis pomi, 

 the rosy apple aphis, A. sorbi, the oyster-shell scale, Lepidosaphes 

 ulmi, and the canker worm, Alsophila pometaria. None of these, 

 however, has been unusually abundant during the season under 

 review, and the measures taken against them have usually proved 

 effective. Several species of Capsidae have been unusually numerous 

 locally and have done some damage. In some locaUties the tent 

 caterpillars, Malacosoma americana and M. disstria, were very abun- 

 dant and wrought havoc in unsprayed orchards. The apple maggot, 

 Rhagoletis pomonella, has only become established to the west of the 

 main fruit-growing district and the infestation has only been equal to 

 about one-tenth of that of the previous year. The cabbage maggot, 

 Chortophila (Pegomyia) brassicae, and the onion maggot, Hylemyia 

 antiqua {Pegomyia ceparum), have not done so much harm as in previous 

 years. The carrot rust fly, Psila rosae, usually very injurious, has 

 been little in evidence. An unusual outbreak of the potato stalk- 

 borer, Hydroecia micacea, did considerable injury to rhubarb at the 

 Agricultural College Farm. Among grain insects the wheat-midge, 

 Contarinia (Diplosis) tritici, has been fairly abundant and injurious. 

 Like most parts of eastern North America, Nova Scotia was visited 

 by a plague of army worms, Cirphis {Leucania) unipuncta, which 



