77 



cleared areas, mostly in cultivated fields adjoining forests. In order 

 to control this pest, large clearings in forests must be avoided, 

 and as the soil must not be disturbed in years when the adults are 

 numerous, young trees must be planted without delay on such fresh 

 clearings as are still uninfested. In Kiev, Tchernigov, Voronezh 

 and Samara, M. hippocastani is a forest insect and its eggs are most 

 numerous in the soil of dense pine forests. The number of eggs 

 deposited in soil which had been cultivated was considerably less than 

 in undisturbed soil. FelUng along narrow lines in the forests should 

 therefore be avoided, but the trees should be cut over large blocks 

 which adjoin each other. Where possible, the cleared areas should 

 be utilised for from one to three years for agricultural purposes, and 

 the soil be well broken up. Ee-planting must be effected on thoroughly 

 cultivated soil and the spaces between the planted strips must not 

 be left waste, but should be used for agricultural purposes. 



In conclusion, the author compares some of his observations with 

 statements by Feddersen. According to the latter, M. hippocastani, in 

 Prussia, oviposits mostly on waste ground and has a five-yearly 

 generation, the first pupae appearing in September and the first 

 beetles in October ; the author's observations in Eussia show that 

 the insects oviposit mostly in dense plantations and have a four- 

 yearly generation, both the pupae and adults appearing much earlier 

 in the season. These differences can be explained by the different 

 conditions. Thus, while in Samara M. liippocastani oviposits mostly 

 in dense woodland, in the neighbouring government of Ufa it mainly 

 infests the soil of large treeless areas. This is due to the difference 

 in the soil, that in Samara being dry and warm on sloping sandy hills, 

 while in Ufa it is wet and cold. In warm, dry soils these insects find 

 the necessary conditions in shady places, while in the colder and 

 wetter soils they select sites exposed to the sun's rays. 



Heinrich (C). a New Calif ornian Coleophora on Plum.— Insecutor 

 Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D.G., ii, no. 10, October 1914, 

 p. 145. 



Coleophora sacramenta, sp. n., is described from Santa Clara, 

 California ; it is stated to be destructive to the foliage of cultivated 

 varieties of Prunus. The adult moths appear at the end of April. 



MacGillivray (A. D.). New Genera and Species of Sawfiies.— Canadian 

 Entomologist, London, Ont., xlvi, no. 10, October 1914, pp. 363-367. 



This paper includes descriptions of the following new sawflies, some 

 of which are of economic importance ; Simplemphytus pacificus, 

 gen. et sp. n., from Oregon, where it was reported as boring into the 

 stems of cherry ; Profenusa collaris, gen. et sp. n., from Boston, Mass., 

 and Ithaca, N.Y., the larvae mining the leaves of Crataegus, and 

 from Geneva, N.Y., where the larvae were serious pests, mining the 

 leaves of cherry ; Euura maculata and E. niimita, spp. n., from Ohio 

 and Iowa respectively ; and Metallus bethunei, sp. n., from Ontario, 

 where it was bred from a leaf -mining larva on blackberry. 



