96 



may be applied after the leaves have fallen about November and again 

 when the buds begin to swell about February. Owing to variations 

 in strength in most home-made lime-sulphur, it is generally better to 

 buy the concentrated wash from a reliable manufacturer who will 

 provide the dilution instructions. At Wye, Theobald found that a 

 lime-sulphur-caustic-soda wash apphed in November and February 

 was more effective than either lime-sulphur alone or paraffin emulsion. 

 In addition to hme-sulphur, his formula contains 1 lb. of caustic soda 

 and 1 lb. of soft soap to each 10 gallons of water. (2). Paraffin 

 emulsion may also be used at the above periods. In Bulletin 283 of 

 the New York Experiment Station five parts of water are recommended 

 with one part of the stand*ard emulsion : Paraffin 2 gals., water 1 gal., 

 soft soap I lb. The soap should be dissolved in the boiling water and 

 while still hot the paraffin should be added, the whole being thoroughly 

 churned. In England, ten parts of water are usual for a winter wash. 

 A dilute emulsion is stated to be of service when applied to the foliage 

 in early summer and may be produced by diluting the standard 

 emulsion with 25-30 parts of water. (3). Where an attack is noticed 

 before the mites have spread, or where only a few small trees are 

 affected, the blistered leaves may be collected and burnt. 



Lefroy (H. M.). a trap for Turnip-Fly. — Jl. R. Hortic. Soc, London, 

 xl, pt. 2, November 1914, pp. 269-271, 2 figs. 



Turnip seedlings at Wisley have been heavily attacked by the blue 

 flea-beetle, Phyllotreta consobrina, and also, but to a lesser degree, by 

 the yellow-striped fomi, P. undulata. The seed was drilled in rows 

 a foot apart, and the young plants became infested from a neighbouring 

 plot of broccoli. It was observed that when the flea-beetles were 

 disturbed, they leapt outward from the plants, alighting about midway 

 between the rows. A trap providing a sticky layer for the beetles 

 to alight on was therefore devised and was very successful. The trap 

 consists of two boards set at a slope on a pair of runners, like those of a 

 sledge or toboggan, with a space between them. The trap is drawn 

 along the drill, so that the plants pass through the space in the middle. 

 In order to disturb the beetles, a loop of string hangs from a cross-bar 

 and brushes the plants, causing the flea-beetles to leap to the side and 

 alight on the sticky boards. An illustration of the trap is given, 

 together with the following constructional details : — To a frame made 

 of six pieces of half-inch deal 20 inches long, two pieces of thin board 

 (20 inches by 5 inches) are fixed so as to slope outwards and upwards 

 on the sides of the frame. These sloping boards are held apart by a 

 cross-bar and an end-piece, so as to have four clear inches between 

 them at the bottom. The two bottom outer pieces are made half an inch 

 deeper than the inner ones, the whole trap running on the outer pair like 

 a sledge on runners, the ends being rounded off to allow free running. 

 The sloping boards, the end pieces facing them, and the cross piece 

 between them are greased. From the cross-bar between the sloping 

 pieces hangs a loop of stout string, and strings four feet long are 

 attached to the front top corners. If made of deal, this apparatus 

 is so light that a child can draw it along the rows, but it is better for two 

 persons to use it and for them to walk a few feet away on each side, 

 so that the beetles are not disturbed until the sticky boards reach them . 



