104 



May in the district of Ekaterinoslav, where these insects have des- 

 troyed nearly half the bees, the species concerned being probably 

 Aeschna cyanea, Miill. A second instance was reported by Novikov, 

 who has observed them destroying bees in the government of Minsk. 

 Migrations of these insects occur frequently in a southerly direction, 

 and large flights took place in 1914 from the Baltic Sea and i..iiand 

 southwards as far as the Black Sea. It is thought that the absence 

 of food in the course of these migrations may have compelled these 

 insects to attack bees. 



McnblTaHJe KSaCCMHa A. B. SeWfleJlH. [Test of the quassine of A. V. 

 Zeidel] — « 0TM8T"b fltflTenbHOCTM Ki8BCKaro OOmecTBa Ce/ib- 



CKarO X03flMCTBa M CejIbCKOXOSflMCTBOHHOM ripoMbimjieHHOCTM 



1913 r. [Report on the work of the Kiev Society of Agriculture and 



Agricultural Industries for 1913], Kiev, 1914, p. 106. 



The importation of quassine from abroad being prohibited in Kussia, 



it has been prepared by A. V. Zeidel, and the tests conducted by a 



special committee of the Kiev Society showed that this preparation 



is one of the most effective remedies against Hyponomeuta ynalinellus 



and aphids. The composition of this substance is not given, but the 



proportion used for spraying during the tests was 2 lb. of potash soap 



and 2 tubes of cjuassine (their size being constant) in about 108 gallons 



of water ; the sprayings were carried out on firs against aphids and 



on apple trees against aphids and H. malinellus. 



Kartzov (A. S.). Kyjibiypa nyna ptnMaiaro, noppen m necHOKa. 



[The cultivation of onions, leeks and garlic] — « Oropo/^Hafl 

 6M6jliOTeKa. [Market-Garden-Library,] Supplement to Pro- 

 gressive Fruit-Growing and Market-Gardening, Petrograd, 1914, 

 no. 6, 31 pp., 9 figs. 

 In this book, the insect pests of onions are dealt with, amongst 

 which the most important is Hylemyia {Anthomyia) anfiqua, Mg., 

 which, so far as is known, only attacks onions. The life-history of 

 this pest is very similar to that of Chortophila [Anthomyia) brassicae, 

 Bouche, and there is also a great resemblance between the larvae of 

 the two species, which cause similar injuries and probably have 

 the same natural enemies. The presence of A. anfiqua on onions 

 causes a general withering of the plants and usually occurs in spring, 

 though there are several generations during the year, the insect wintering 

 as an imago. Late sowing of onions is recommended in order to protect 

 the seedlings from attack. Should the first sowing be attacked, the in- 

 jured plants should be removed and the larvae on the roots destroyed. 

 In the government of Kiev, onions are also attacked by Pieris 

 brassicae, L., Plutella macidipennis [xylostella) , and Phytometra (Plusia) 

 qamnia, L., and less frequently by larvae of VoluceUa bombylans, L. 

 (tnystacea). These plants are also subject to attacks from the larvae 

 of Melolontha and GryUotcdpa. Leeks suffer chiefly from Acrolepia 

 betulella, Curt.,* the larvae of which mine the stems ; powdering with 

 soot and spraying with a solution of about 10 lb. of black soap in 27 

 gallons of water are recommended. Garlic is attacked by most of the 

 pests which attack onions. 



* [The insect in question is probably A. ancetella, Z., (= betulella, H.-S. 

 nee. Curt.), the true A. betuJella being purely British. — Ed.] 



