110 



arsenate has some advantages over sodium arsenite, as it does not 

 cause scorching or absorb moisture. L. D. Moritz stated that the 

 effects of sodium arsenite are not always constant and that sprayings 

 with it frequently require to be repeated. 



Vitkovsky(N. N.). CieBneBafl coBHa btj EKaiepiiHOcnaBCHOM ry6epHiH 

 no flaHHUM'b 1914 roAa. PacnpocrpaHeHie, 6ionorifl, npaKTHKa 

 6opb6bl. [Oria musculosa, Hb., in the govt, of Ekaterinoslav, 

 according to the data for 1914. Distribution, biology and method 

 of control.] pp. 61-71. 



Oria musculosa has reached the government of Ekaterinoslav from 

 the south, from Taurida and probably also fiom the province of the 

 Don. Up to the present it has spread only in the districts situated 

 to the east of the river Dnieper. The statement by K. K. Miller that, 

 in 1912, 0. musculosa was injurious in some parts of Ekaterinoslav, to 

 the west of the river, is not correct and was based on erroneous reports 

 from local correspondents who mistook Anisoplia austriaca for this 

 insect. Thus the Dnieper has up till now proved an efficient barrier 

 against this pest, and this confirms the statement of Mokrzecki, that 

 these insects are unable to fly over large open areas. In one district, 

 a railway line barred the progress of the insects, the locahties situated 

 to the east, north-east and south-east of this line being free from them, 

 while in another locality, a highway planted on both sides with woods 

 formed a clear boundary between devastated and untouched fields. 



In 1914, this pest injured many tens of thousands of acres in five 

 districts of the government, summer-sown crops being in some cases 

 totally destroyed, and the same has also happened to some degree with 

 winter-sown crops. It has spread very greatly since 1910, and is 

 still doing so. 



The fife-history of this pest is given in some detail [see this Review, 

 Ser. A, ii, p. 391]. Contrary to the usual statements that the cater- 

 pillars only move about at night, the author has frequently observed 

 them passing from one plant to another during the hottest time of the 

 day. Bracon abcissor, Nees, and some allied parasites have been 

 reared from the caterpillars. These Braconidae, which aie found from 

 the government of Charkov to the Sea of Azov, destroyed enoimous 

 quantities of the caterpillars and evidently attacked them during their 

 passage from one plant to another. The majority of the dead cater- 

 pillars were found inside the sheaths of the ears, but they also frequently 

 occurred in the young stems. From 100 pupae taken in the open, 

 6 Hymenopterous parasites were reared, including Anomalon latro, 

 Schr. Oviposition was found experimentally to take place on the 

 stems of summer-sown wheat beneath the sheath leaf ; eggs were not 

 laid lower than 7 inches from the surface of the soil . No eggs were ever 

 observed to be deposited on stubbles, and in Ekaterinoslav it is impos- 

 sible for this to occur, as there are no stubbles during the time of 

 year at which the adults are on the wing. At the same time, eggs may 

 possibly be found on the stubbles of summer-sown crops, though 

 these would have been deposited on the crops and remained on the 

 stubbles after the harvest. As regards weeds, the eggs are usually 

 deposited on Agropyrum and only occasionally on Setaria ; on weeds, 

 the eggs are laid exclusively on the lower part of the stem. One 



