115 



appear to have an alternate host, nor does it ever pass the winter, 

 in the latitude of La Fayette, Ind., as a viviparous female, though it 

 apparently does so in the Southern States. As is characteristic of 

 this tribe of plant-lice (Callipterini) it is sporadic in its habits and 

 the least disturbance causes it to jump from its host. This habit 

 seems to render it almost immune from predaceous and parasitic 

 enemies. The approximate average number of yearly generations is 

 12|. Crowded conditions, indicating a shortage of the food supply 

 always resulted in the appearance of a large percentage of winged 

 forms. In comparison with its associate on clover, Macrosiphum pisi, 

 Kalt., Callipterus trifolii is noticeably less prolific. Weather condi- 

 tions, more especially heavy rains, probably constitute the most 

 important checks on this aphid, the aphis fungus, Empusa aphidis, 

 being also a factor. Occasional specimens are found to be parasitised, 

 though no parasites have apparently been reared from it. The larvae 

 of three species of Coccinellids, Megilla macidata, De G., Hippodamia 

 convergens, Gu6r., and Coccinella 9-notata, Herbst, have been observed 

 feeding on C. trifolii. At La Fayette, Ind., a species of Aphidoletes 

 has been reared from this Aphid in captivity, although it has never 

 been found attacking it in the field. A bibliography of 14 works, 

 dating back to 1882, concludes this paper. 



Brooks (F. E.). Apple root-borer. — Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, 

 D.C., iii, no. 2, November 19U, pp. 179-185, 2 pis. 



In 1911, apple trees in West Virginia were injured by Agrilus 

 vittaticollis, Hand., a beetle which had not previously been recognised 

 as an enemy of cultivated fruit trees, though belonging to a group 

 represented by several well-known enemies of cultivated and forest 

 plants and trees, such as the raspberry gouty-gall beetle, A. ruficollis, 

 F., the two-lined chestnut borer, A. bilineatus, Weber, the bronzed 

 birch borer, A. anxius, Gory, and the sinuate pear borer, A. sinuatus, 

 Oliv. Further observations showed A. vitfaticoUis to be generally 

 distributed throughout the Appalachian fruit region and that it 

 does considerable damage to young apple trees in some places. It 

 is also recorded from Michigan, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and 

 probably occurs throughout the greater part of the eastern United 

 States. The larva has been found attacking apple, pear, wild thorn, 

 wild crab and service tree, apple and service trees appearing to be 

 greatly preferred. The trees are injured by the slender, white larvae, 

 which bore into the roots and lower part of the trunk, the burrows 

 in the roots frequently extending for several feet. The larva does 

 not bring chips or castings to the surface, as is the case with Saperda 

 Candida, F., the common round-headed apple tree borer. The egg, 

 which is placed rather conspicuously on the bark of the trunk, and the 

 exit hole in the bark through which the adult escapes from the wood, 

 are the only external marks made by the insect on the tree. The 

 burrows of A. vittaticollis are of great length, that of a single larva 

 often extending through the trunk and roots for 5, 6 or even 8 feet. 

 Cross-sections of the burrows are oval in outline, those of full-grown 

 larvae being about 1 by 3 or 4 mm. in diameter. Fresh burrows are 

 usually found within half an inch of the bark, and in large trees the 

 position of a burrow in the wood gives some clue to its age. In the 



