128 



Fedorov (D. v.). OnacHbiti ipeAmejib HHMeHa. [A dangerous pest 

 of barley.] — «XyTOpflHMH'b, » [Chutorianin], Poltava, no. 47, 

 3rd December 19U, pp. 1278-1279. 



During the summer of 1914, barley in South and South-East Russia 

 suffered considerably from the Swedish fly [Oscinis frit], resowing 

 of the infested plots with millet, maize or sunflower being necessary 

 in many cases. Late-sown barley was particularly damaged, and the 

 same was the case in estates without rotation of crops where the fields 

 had been sown the previous year with barley, oats or wheat. Steam 

 ploughs are the best remedies against these pests, as the frequent 

 disturbance of the soil tends to destroy the larvae and pupae ; it is 

 important also to scarify the stubbles at the end of summer and 

 to plough deeply before the winter ; all waste and rubbish must also 

 be removed from the fields. Sometimes crops attacked by the pests 

 can be saved by means of a thorough harrowing when the plants 

 are from 3 to 5 inches high, which not only assists their growth, but 

 also destroys large numbers of the larvae. 



CocTOflHie 03MMbixTj BCxoflOBij ktj I -My HOflSpn 1914 r. [The state of 

 the winter-sown crops to the 1st November (14th November) 

 1914.]— « MsBtcTifl fjiaBHaro YnpaBneHifl SeMneycipoMCTBa h 

 3eMneA'kJlifl.» [BiiUetm of Central Board of Land Administration 

 and Agriculture], Petrograd, no. 47, 6th December 1914, 

 pp. 1129-1132. 



From the reports of over 8,000 local correspondents of the Board, 

 it appears that insect pests have not done serious damage to winter 

 sown crops, owing to the cold weather prevailing, which did not 

 favour their development. Caterpillars of Euxoa segetum, reported 

 from different localities in many governments of Central, South and 

 East Russia, have, however, caused considerable damage in some 

 places. Elaterid larvae were reported from Petrograd, Novgorod, 

 Pskov, Livland, Estland, Viatka and Perm ; Mayetiola (Cecidomyia) 

 destructor was observed in Podolsk, Cherson, Taurida and Ekaterinoslav ; 

 and Oscinis frit in Podolsk, Smolensk and Livland. 



KuNuiEv (G.). Bpefl-b, npMMMHneMbiM ryceHMueM 03Mmom cobkm. [The 

 damage caused by the caterpillars of Euxoa segetum, Schiff.] — 



«K)>KHO-PyccKafl CejibCKo-XosflMCTBeHHan raaeia.w [South 

 Russian Agricultural Gazette], Charkov, no. 45, 10th December 

 1914, p. 12. 



During the autumn of 1913, the caterpillars of Euxoa segetum 

 destroyed, in the Bobrovsk district of Voronezh, some 21,000 acres 

 of crops, the damage amounting in some cases to 50 per cent, and 

 even to 88 per cent, in one locality. The destroyed fields were 

 reploughed in the spring of 1914 and resown with summer crops ; 

 some peasants tried again to sow winter rye, but the caterpillars 

 reappeared and destroyed the seedlings. Such an outbreak has not 

 occurred in this district for many years. The local remedies applied, 

 consisted of digging trenches round the uninvaded plots and spraying 

 with Paris green, but the latter method could not be carried out 

 thoroughly owing to the expense. 



