150 



inoculation before it becomes evident, and the only remedy appears 

 to be constant watchfulness and the immediate removal of all attacked 

 parts ; careful examination is necessary, as twigs often show the blight 

 exudation before they wither sufficiently to attract attention. 



Heckk (G. H.). Winter Work in a Prune Orchard.— MfAZt/. Bull. Cal. 

 State Commiss. Hortic, Sacramento, iii, no. 12, December 1914, 

 p. 533. 



A sixty acre prune orchard, 23 years old, near Sacr?mento, was 

 first infested with the European fruit scale [Aspidiotus ostreaeformis] 

 in 1907, when, except for the liberal introduction of Comys fusca, no 

 control measures were adopted, and in 1908-09 this parasite was 

 proved a total failure. A partial control for the scale was begun in 

 1910 with a distillate spray, but as the years 1911-12 again showed a 

 rapid increase of the pest, a campaign was decided upon in the autumn 

 of 1913, spraying operations being commenced in December, which, 

 owing to heavy rains, were not finished until 1st March 1914. Several 

 kinds of sprays were used, but the best results were given by crude oil 

 emulsion, used at the rate of 32 gallons of oil emulsion for the 200- 

 gallon tank. The average amount per tres used was 11 gallons, this 

 large quantity resulting in the practical extermination of the scale. 



Smith (H. S.). The progress of Scyninus bipunctatus. — Mthly. Bull. 

 Cal. State Commiss. Hortic, Sacramento, iii, no. 12, December 

 1914, p. 535, 1 fig. 



Scymnus bipunctatus, Kugel., a Coccinellid predaceous upon 

 Pseudococcus citri (the citrus mealy bug), was obtained in the Philip- 

 pines by the author in the autumn of 1913, and in June 1914, e. 

 colony of several thousand adults were sent to Alhambra, Cal., for 

 liberation. It is believed that this ladybird is the same as that 

 introduced by G. Compere as Crypfogonus orbiculus in 1910, but 

 which apparently did not become established. A visit to the site 

 of the June colony showed this species to be breeding by the thousand 

 upon the lemon trees where they had been liberated. As it is a tropical 

 insect, the crucial test of its ability to establish itself in California 

 will occur during the winter months. If it does so, it should become 

 of considerable value in the control of P. citri. 



Insect Notes. — Mthly. Bull. Cal. State Commiss. Hortic, Sacramento, 

 iii, no. 12, December 1914, p. 539. 



Eulecanium robiniarium, Dougl., and a Cercopid are reported to be 

 common on madrone, and Rhizoglyphus hyacinthi (the common bulb 

 mite) has been taken on onions. Adults of Hippodaynia convergens, 

 Guer., were collected in their hibernating quarters in the Feather River 

 Canyon in large numbers on November 15th. Orcus chalybeus 

 (the steel-blue ladybird) was observed feeding upon Saissetia oleae 

 (the black scale) ; Chionaspis quercus, Comst., has been taken on 

 Quercus lobata ; Cydia pomonella, L., has been infesting Enghsh 

 walnut to a rather imusual extent during the past season ; Phytomyza 

 aquifolii, Gour., was intercepted in the first shipment of holly from 



